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Using Salt to Optimize Mental & Physical Performance

Episode 63 Mar 14, 2022 2h 1m 29 insights
I discuss the role of salt (sodium) in the nervous system and the key role that it plays in mental performance, physical performance and health. I explain how the brain senses salt levels in our body and how that relates to our feelings of thirst. I cover the physiology of the renal system and the hormones that control sodium and water balance in our body. I also explore how salt interacts with stress and our immune systems and its crucial role in neuron function. Additionally, I examine research findings suggesting that some individuals might benefit from increased intake of sodium and other electrolytes (magnesium and potassium) to enhance mental performance, lessen anxiety, and offset dizziness. Yet, other people may need less sodium. I discuss how you can determine your optimal sodium intake and why sodium intake levels need to be uniquely tailored to an individual’s lifestyle. Finally, I explain how salt creates ‘hidden’ sugars in many processed foods and the problems that can create. Throughout the episode, I explain peer-reviewed findings outlining salt’s essential role in overall health and describe general recommendations and tools anyone can use to find their optimal salt balance and thereby enhance their brain and body’s performance. For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.
Actionable Insights

1. Consult Physician Before Diet Changes

Always consult your physician before making any changes to your diet or supplementation regimen to ensure optimal mental, physical health, and performance, particularly concerning salt intake.

2. Know Your Blood Pressure

Understand your blood pressure as it is a crucial measurement that significantly impacts your immediate and long-term health, guiding decisions on exercise, salt intake, and lifestyle.

3. Personalize Salt Intake Contextually

Determine your optimal salt intake by considering your fluid intake, specific diet, caffeine consumption and its diuretic effects, and your overall balance of electrolytes including sodium, potassium, and magnesium.

4. Prioritize Consistent Hydration

Make consistent hydration a priority, as salt and water intake are intimately related and crucial for maintaining proper bodily functions.

5. Avoid Excessive Sodium Intake

Avoid very high salt intake, particularly exceeding 6-7 grams of sodium per day, as health risks like cardiovascular events and stroke increase substantially at these levels.

6. Caution with High Blood Pressure

If you have high blood pressure or are pre-hypertensive, exercise extreme caution with anything that could further increase your blood pressure, always consulting your doctor for health adjustments.

7. Limit Processed Food Intake

Strive to limit your ingestion of processed foods, as reducing them is generally beneficial for overall health and helps avoid hidden sugars and excessive salt.

8. Adjust Sodium with Unprocessed Foods

When exploring adjustments to your sodium intake for health or performance, do so within a diet of unprocessed foods to accurately gauge your body’s true salt appetite and needs.

9. Heed Healthy Salt Cravings

When salt levels are low and you crave salt, follow that craving by choosing healthy, non-processed salty foods or beverages, as it indicates a homeostatic need.

10. Moderate Salt with Hydration

For most individuals, a moderate increase in salt intake is not detrimental, provided sufficient water is consumed, as the body will excrete excess sodium.

11. Apply Galpin Hydration Equation

Calculate your fluid intake during activity using the Galpin equation: body weight in pounds divided by 30 equals ounces of fluid every 15 minutes, aiming for these averages to prevent under-hydration.

12. Hydrate in Extreme Conditions

Ingest sufficient amounts of salt and fluid when exercising intensely or in very hot or cold, dry environments to counteract fluid and electrolyte loss and maintain performance.

13. Increase Sodium for Anxiety/Stress

If experiencing anxiety or stress, consider a slight increase in sodium intake, preferably through sea salt in water or salting unprocessed foods, as this can stabilize blood pressure and enhance resilience to challenges.

14. Consider Higher Daily Salt Intake

For most individuals without specific health issues, consider a daily salt intake of 8-12 grams (3.2-4.8 grams of sodium, or 1.5-2 teaspoons), which some research suggests may be optimal, but consult your physician.

15. Reduce Sugar Cravings with Salt

Increasing salt intake within a diet of relatively unprocessed foods can significantly reduce sugar cravings due to the interaction of neural pathways for salty and sweet tastes.

16. Adjust Electrolytes on Low-Carb

If following a low-carbohydrate diet, ensure you increase your intake of sodium and potassium, as these diets lead to greater water and electrolyte excretion.

17. Potassium with Low-Carb Meals

When on a low-carbohydrate diet, consider taking 99 milligram potassium tablets with each meal to replenish potassium lost from increased water excretion.

18. Replenish Salt During Fasted Caffeine

During fasted periods, particularly when consuming caffeine, ensure you replenish lost salt by using an electrolyte drink or adding sea salt to water, as caffeine acts as a diuretic.

19. Counter Caffeine’s Diuretic Effect

For every ounce of caffeinated coffee or tea consumed, drink 1.5 times that amount in water, potentially with a tiny pinch of sodium, to counteract caffeine’s diuretic effects.

20. Replenish Fasted Exercise Electrolytes

If exercising fasted and after consuming caffeine, ensure you replenish fluids and electrolytes, including sodium, before, during, and after your workout to prevent dehydration and maintain performance.

21. Understand Cravings’ Dual Nature

Recognize that food and drink cravings stem from both conscious taste perception and subconscious biochemical and neural events in the gut, influencing what you seek even without conscious awareness.

22. Study Artificial Sweetener Gut Impact

Investigate how artificial sweeteners are registered at the gut level and how this impacts brain function, as the gut can distinguish between caloric and non-caloric sweet substances subconsciously.

23. Practice Yoga Nidra/NSDR

Engage in yoga nidra or non-sleep deep rest (NSDR), a practice of lying still with an active mind, to significantly restore cognitive and physical energy, even in brief 10-minute sessions.

24. Magnesium Threonate for Sleep

Consider taking magnesium threonate 30 to 60 minutes before bedtime to promote the transition into and depth of sleep, and potentially support cognitive function and longevity.

25. Magnesium Bisglycinate for Sleep

Consider magnesium bisglycinate as an alternative to threonate for promoting the transition into and depth of sleep, as it appears to be on par in these aspects.

26. Magnesium Citrate for Constipation

Magnesium citrate can be used as a fairly effective laxative, though it is not known to promote sleep or similar effects.

27. Supplement Vitamin D3 and K2

Supplement with Vitamin D3, as many are deficient even with sun exposure, for essential brain and body health, and K2 for its role in cardiovascular function and calcium regulation.

28. Supplement with Athletic Greens

Consider taking Athletic Greens once or twice daily to cover basic nutritional needs, address potential deficiencies, and support microbiome health with its included probiotics.

29. Use Element Electrolyte Drink

Consider using Element electrolyte drink to ensure adequate intake of critical electrolytes like salt, magnesium, and potassium, which are vital for neuronal and other biological functions, and it contains no sugar.