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Using Caffeine to Optimize Mental & Physical Performance

Episode 101 Dec 5, 2022 2h 18m 32 insights
In this episode, I explain how to use caffeine to enhance mental and physical health and performance, including the optimal dosages and intake schedules for caffeine. I explain how caffeine powerfully reinforces the consumption of certain foods and drinks—thereby increasing how much we like their tastes and seek them out. I discuss the mechanisms by which caffeine increases focus, alertness and mood and reduces sleepiness. I also explain many practical tools for caffeine use, including delaying caffeine intake after waking, intermittent caffeine use, during fasting, before and during exercise, and the use of theanine to curb jitters caused by caffeine. I also discuss the positive effects of caffeine on overall health and longevity and address several myths about caffeine. Since caffeine is one of the most commonly used substances (more than 90% of adults use caffeine daily!), this episode provides actionable tips for adjusting caffeine consumption to positively impact performance and health, including sleep. For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.
Actionable Insights

1. Delay Morning Caffeine Intake

Delay your caffeine intake to 90-120 minutes after waking on most days. This allows your natural morning cortisol pulse (enhanced by light/exercise) to clear residual adenosine, preventing an afternoon crash and promoting better nighttime sleep.

2. Optimize Morning Cortisol Pulse

Upon waking, get bright light (ideally sunlight) in your eyes for 5-30 minutes and consider brief physical activity. This significantly increases your natural cortisol peak, which clears adenosine and boosts alertness, setting a foundation for caffeine’s later effects.

3. Calculate Personalized Caffeine Dosage

Determine your optimal single-dose caffeine intake by aiming for 1-3 milligrams of caffeine per kilogram of body weight. Start at the lower end if not caffeine-adapted, and always check the actual caffeine content of your beverages and foods.

4. Avoid Caffeine 8-12 Hours Before Sleep

Strictly limit or completely avoid caffeine intake in the 8-12 hours prior to your bedtime. This is crucial for preserving the depth and quality of your slow-wave and REM sleep, which are foundational for overall health and performance.

5. Yerba Mate for Weight Loss

Drink 1-2 cups of non-smoked yerba mate tea early in the day to stimulate GLP-1 release. This reduces appetite by signaling satiety to the brain and gut, and promotes weight loss by converting white fat to metabolically active beige/brown fat.

6. Hydrate Adequately with Caffeine

When consuming caffeine, drink at least an equal volume of water, ideally with a small pinch of sea salt or an electrolyte mix. This helps counteract caffeine’s diuretic effect, preventing dehydration, jitters, and feelings of low blood sugar.

7. Boost Exercise Performance with Pre-Workout Caffeine

Ingest 3 milligrams of caffeine per kilogram of body weight prior to exercise. This increases dopamine release, enhancing focus, alertness, and motivation during and after the workout, and can make the exercise experience more enjoyable and reinforcing.

8. Enhance Memory with Post-Learning Caffeine

After a learning session, ingest 1-3 mg of caffeine per kilogram of body weight to spike catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine). This neurochemical surge helps to ’lock in’ and enhance memory for the information just learned.

9. Leverage Caffeine’s Subconscious Reinforcement

Understand that caffeine subconsciously reinforces your liking for foods, drinks, and activities it’s paired with. Strategically pair caffeine with healthy foods or activities you want to enjoy more, and avoid pairing it with habits you wish to reduce (e.g., sugar cravings).

10. Use Theanine to Mitigate Caffeine Jitters

If you experience anxiety or jitteriness from caffeine, consider taking 100-200 milligrams of L-Theanine alongside your caffeinated beverage. Theanine can blunt the over-excitatory effects of caffeine, promoting a calmer alertness.

11. Consider Every-Other-Day Caffeine Protocol

Adopt an every-other-day caffeine schedule (e.g., on specific training days) to maximize its performance-enhancing effects without developing excessive tolerance or suffering from withdrawal symptoms associated with daily use.

12. Caffeine Abstinence for Peak Performance

For maximum performance enhancement on an important mental or physical challenge, consider a brief caffeine abstinence period (e.g., 2-5 days, or up to 20 days for most robust effect) before ingesting caffeine (300-600mg) 30-60 minutes prior to the event.

13. Avoid Excessive Caffeine Intake

Limit very high levels of caffeine over extended periods to prevent increased anxiety, headaches, irritability, microvasculature disruption, and depletion of essential electrolytes due to its diuretic properties.

14. Neuroprotective Benefits of Caffeine

Regular, appropriate caffeine consumption can contribute to neuroprotection, potentially offsetting the probability of developing neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s, by supporting dopamine and acetylcholine systems.

15. Caffeine for Mood and Depression

Maintain regular, appropriate caffeine intake, ensuring it doesn’t induce excessive anxiety. This practice is associated with an inverse relationship to depressive symptoms, suggesting a positive overall effect on mood and well-being.

16. Caffeine on an Empty Stomach for Potency

To achieve a more potent stimulant effect from less caffeine, ingest it on an empty stomach. Be prepared to manage potential jitteriness with strategies like L-Theanine or proper hydration.

17. Gradually Adjust Caffeine Delay

If delaying caffeine by 90-120 minutes is initially difficult, gradually extend the delay by about 15 minutes each day until you comfortably reach the target window.

18. Split Early Morning Caffeine Intake

If you must consume caffeine very shortly after waking (e.g., for intense exercise), drink half your usual dose immediately and the other half about an hour later. This helps prolong the effects and mitigate an afternoon crash.

19. Theanine for Subtle Depression/Anxiety Reduction

Daytime ingestion of 200-400mg of L-Theanine, 1-3 times daily for 17 days, has been shown to subtly reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, independent of caffeine use.

20. Theanine for Endothelial Health

Consider Theanine for its positive effects on endothelial cells, which can improve blood vessel function and elasticity, benefiting overall brain and body health.

21. Ensure Adequate Calcium Intake

Ensure you consume sufficient calcium through diet or supplementation, as caffeine can extract calcium from tissues. Adequate calcium intake prevents caffeine from contributing to osteoporosis.

22. Monitor Caffeine’s Hormonal Impact

Be aware that caffeine can slightly increase Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG), potentially reducing free testosterone and estrogen. Aim for moderate dosages to balance benefits with minimal hormonal impact.

23. Caffeine for Minor Asthma Relief

For temporary relief from minor asthma symptoms, appropriate caffeine intake has been shown to alleviate symptoms for 1-4 hours.

24. Caffeine for ADHD-like Focus Issues

If experiencing attention and focus issues similar to ADHD, caffeine can increase focus and alertness by enhancing dopamine transmission in the prefrontal cortex, though it’s less potent than prescription medications.

25. Limit Intense Exercise Duration

To aid recovery and maximize benefits, limit high-intensity exercise sessions to 60 minutes or less, excluding warm-up time. Avoid very intense, long bouts of exercise on a regular basis.

26. Avoid Dopamine Stacking Overuse

While occasional ‘dopamine stacking’ (combining multiple stimuli like caffeine, music, intense exercise) can be beneficial, avoid doing it consistently to prevent driving down your baseline dopamine levels and experiencing subsequent lows.

27. Do Not Ingest Caffeine if Hypersensitive

If you are not accustomed to caffeine or are very sensitive (experiencing anxiety from even small amounts like 25-50mg), avoid ingesting it on the day of any important mental or physical challenge to prevent detrimental effects.

28. Avoid ‘Nappuccino’ Practice

Refrain from drinking caffeine immediately before a nap or Non-Sleep Deep Rest (NSDR) protocol. This practice can reduce the effectiveness of these rest techniques in naturally restoring alertness and focus.

29. Fasted Exercise for GLP-1 Release

Engage in fasted exercise to stimulate GLP-1 release, which can contribute to appetite reduction and increased metabolic rate, similar to the effects of yerba mate tea.

30. Consider Prescription GLP-1 Analogs

For individuals struggling with significant weight loss or certain forms of diabetes, consult a healthcare professional about prescription GLP-1 analogs for more robust activation of the GLP-1 pathway.

31. Use Meditation/NSDR for Energy Restoration

Incorporate short (e.g., 10-minute) sessions of Yoga Nidra or Non-Sleep Deep Rest (NSDR) into your routine. These practices can significantly restore cognitive and physical energy without the need for stimulants.

32. Avoid Smoked Yerba Mate Tea

Always choose non-smoked varieties of yerba mate tea, as smoked varieties are thought to be potentially carcinogenic (pro-cancer causing).