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The Science & Practice of Perfecting Your Sleep | Dr. Matt Walker

Episode 31 Aug 2, 2021 3h 3m 28 insights
In this episode, my guest is Dr. Matt Walker, Ph.D., Professor of Neuroscience and Psychology and the Founder & Director of the Center for Human Sleep Science at the University of California, Berkeley. He is also the author of the international best-selling book Why We Sleep and the host of "The Matt Walker Podcast." We discuss the biology of sleep, including its various stages and what specifically happens to those stages when we don't get enough sleep. We also discuss the effects of sunlight, caffeine, alcohol, naps, hormones, exercise, marijuana, sexual activity, and various supplements on sleep. The episode consists of both basic science information and many science-supported actionable tools.  Read the full show notes for this episode at hubermanlab.com.
Actionable Insights

1. Prioritize 7-9 Hours Quality Sleep

Aim for 7-9 hours of high-quality, efficient sleep nightly, as both insufficient (below 7 hours) and excessive (above 9 hours) sleep are associated with increased all-cause mortality risk and diminished well-being.

2. Get Morning Light Exposure

Expose your eyes to 30-40 minutes of natural daylight (even on cloudy days) early in the day to align your circadian rhythm and promote wakefulness; avoid sunglasses if safe to do so.

3. Halt Caffeine 8-10 Hours Before Bed

Stop consuming caffeine 8-10 hours before your typical bedtime to prevent disruption of deep sleep quality, even if you can subjectively fall asleep, due to caffeine’s long half-life.

4. Avoid Alcohol for Sleep

Recognize that alcohol is a sedative, not a sleep aid; it induces sedation but fragments sleep, blocks REM sleep, and negatively impacts growth hormone and testosterone release, leading to poorer quality sleep.

5. Sleep in a Cool Room

Ensure your bedroom is cool, as a drop in core body temperature by about 1°C (2-3°F) is necessary to fall and stay asleep effectively.

6. Establish a Wind-Down Routine

Consistently follow a relaxing wind-down routine (e.g., light stretching, meditation, reading, warm bath/shower) for 10-15 minutes before bed to gradually prepare your body and mind for sleep.

7. Prioritize REM Sleep for Longevity

Understand that REM sleep is critical for emotional regulation, mental health, cognitive function, and is the strongest predictor of longevity; ensure you get sufficient REM sleep, which predominates in the second half of the night.

8. Avoid Uberman-Like Sleep Schedules

Do not adopt polyphasic sleep schedules (short bouts of sleep throughout the day), as comprehensive reviews indicate they are detrimental to performance and overall health.

9. After Bad Night, Do Nothing

If you experience a bad night of sleep, maintain your regular wake-up time, avoid naps, don’t consume extra caffeine, and go to bed at your normal time to prevent further disruption of your sleep schedule and drive.

10. Keep a Worry Journal

An hour or two before bed, write down all your worries and concerns in a ‘worry journal’ to offload mental stress, which studies show can decrease the time it takes to fall asleep by 50%.

11. Remove Bedroom Clocks

Remove all visible clock faces, including your phone, from your bedroom to avoid anxiety and rumination about the time if you wake up during the night.

12. Practice NSDR or Yoga Nidra

Incorporate Non-Sleep Deep Rest (NSDR) or Yoga Nidra, even for short 10-minute sessions, to greatly restore cognitive and physical energy.

13. Strategic Napping for Performance

Take short naps (17-26 minutes) to improve cardiovascular health, reduce cortisol, enhance learning, memory, emotional regulation, and boost daytime alertness and performance, but avoid napping if you struggle with nighttime sleep.

14. Avoid Late Afternoon Naps

If napping, limit it to 20-25 minutes to avoid deep sleep inertia (grogginess) and avoid napping late in the afternoon (e.g., within 6-7 hours of bedtime) to preserve nighttime sleep drive.

15. Engage in Sex or Masturbation

Engage in consensual, age-appropriate sexual activity culminating in orgasm (or masturbation), as it can promote sleep onset and quality by increasing prolactin and oxytocin, and reducing fight-or-flight activation.

16. Prioritize Sleep for Relationships

Prioritize sufficient and quality sleep to maintain healthy reproductive hormone levels, increase sexual interest, reduce relationship conflict, and enhance empathy with your partner.

17. Exercise Caution with THC

Be aware that THC may speed up sleep onset but does not induce natural, healthy sleep architecture, blocks REM sleep, and regular use can lead to dependency and severe rebound insomnia upon cessation.

18. Consider CBD Dosage Carefully

If considering CBD for sleep, be aware that low doses (5-10mg) may promote wakefulness, while higher doses (above 25mg) may induce sleepiness, and product purity and dosage accuracy are significant concerns.

19. Use Melatonin at Low Doses (If Needed)

If using melatonin, consider very low doses (0.1-0.3mg), as typical commercial doses are supra-physiological and far exceed natural production, and high doses may impact reproductive hormones.

20. Melatonin for Older Adults

Melatonin supplementation may be beneficial for older adults (60+) who experience reduced natural melatonin production and struggle with sleep, but consult a healthcare professional.

21. Magnesium for Deficiency Only

Magnesium supplementation is generally not supported by data for improving sleep in healthy individuals, but may be beneficial for older adults or those with a diagnosed magnesium deficiency and sleep problems.

22. Visualize a Mental Walk

Instead of counting sheep, which can make it harder to fall asleep, try visualizing a pleasant mental walk in nature or an urban environment to help induce sleep.

23. Consider Tart Cherry Juice

Consider tart cherry juice (or supplement) as a potential sleep aid, as preliminary studies suggest it may reduce nighttime awakenings, increase total sleep time, and decrease daytime napping.

24. Consider Kiwi Fruit (with Skin)

Consider consuming kiwi fruit (including the skin) as a potential sleep aid, as preliminary studies suggest it may reduce sleep onset time, increase sleep duration, and decrease nighttime awakenings, possibly via the GABA system.

25. Avoid Tryptophan/Serotonin Supplements

Exercise caution with tryptophan or serotonin supplementation, as artificially increasing serotonin levels at night may disrupt the natural regulation and architecture of REM sleep.

26. Supplement with Athletic Greens

Consider taking Athletic Greens once or twice a day to cover basic nutritional needs, address potential deficiencies, and support microbiome health with its probiotics.

27. Supplement with Vitamin D3 K2

Consider supplementing with Vitamin D3 K2, as D3 is essential for brain and body health (many are deficient even with sun exposure), and K2 regulates cardiovascular function and calcium in the body.

28. Ensure Electrolyte Balance

Ensure proper hydration and electrolyte balance (sodium, magnesium, potassium) by drinking an electrolyte mix (like Element) first thing in the morning and during physical exercise, to support brain, body, and cellular function.