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The Neuroscience of Speech, Language & Music | Dr. Erich Jarvis

Episode 87 Aug 29, 2022 1h 51m 13 insights
My guest this episode is Dr. Erich Jarvis, PhD—Professor and the Head of the Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Language at Rockefeller University and Investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI). Dr. Jarvis’ research spans the molecular and genetic mechanisms of vocal communication, comparative genomics of speech and language across species and the relationship between speech, language and movement. We discuss the unique ability of humans (and certain animal species) to learn and communicate using complex language, including verbal speech production and the ability to interpret both written and spoken language. We also discuss the connections between language, singing and dance and why song may have evolved before language. Dr. Jarvis also explains some of the underlying biological and genetic components of stutter/speech disorders, non-verbal communication, why it's easiest to learn a language as a child and how individuals can learn multiple languages at any age. This episode ought to be of interest to everyone interested in the origins of human speech, language, music and culture and how newer technology, such as social media and texting, change our brains.  For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.
Actionable Insights

1. Consistent Movement for Cognitive Health

Engage in consistent physical movement, such as dancing, walking, or running, and practice speech through oratory or singing throughout life. This keeps brain circuits active, helping to maintain cognitive intactness into old age by utilizing the extensive brain tissue required for motor control and vocalization.

2. Optimize Hydration & Electrolytes

Ensure adequate hydration by dissolving one packet of electrolytes (sodium, magnesium, potassium in correct ratios) in 16-32 ounces of water first thing in the morning and during physical exercise. Proper hydration and electrolytes are crucial for optimal brain and body function, as even mild dehydration can impair cognitive and physical performance.

3. Restore Energy with NSDR

Incorporate yoga nidra or non-sleep deep rest (NSDR) sessions into your routine. Scientific data indicates that even short 10-minute sessions can significantly restore cognitive and physical energy levels.

4. Leverage Childhood Learning Periods

Focus on acquiring new knowledge, skills, and languages during childhood. The brain is designed to solidify circuits during these critical periods, making it easier to learn foundational concepts and abilities that are retained throughout life.

5. Facilitate Future Language Learning

If you learned multiple languages as a child, continue to use and engage with them. Maintaining the phonemes and linguistic structures from early multi-language exposure makes it easier to acquire additional languages later in life.

6. Enhance Speech Through Singing

Engage in singing or other musical activities. The evolution of spoken language may have originated from singing, suggesting that practicing singing can tap into ancestral brain circuits and potentially enhance abstract communication abilities.

7. Singing Aids Movement & Speech

For individuals experiencing difficulties with speech or movement, such as Parkinson’s patients, singing or listening to music can be beneficial. The brain circuits for singing are an ancestral component of speech circuits, which can facilitate improved motor control and vocalization.

8. Behavioral Therapy for Stuttering

Individuals with stuttering can benefit from behavioral therapy techniques, including learning to speak slower, tapping out a rhythm, and practicing sensory-motor integration. These methods help reduce stuttering by improving thoughtful, controlled coordination between auditory perception and vocal output.

9. Prioritize Societal Impact

When making significant career or life decisions, consider choosing paths that allow you to make a positive impact on society. This approach aligns with a philosophy of contributing meaningfully to the world.

10. Match Writing to Internal Speech

Select a writing method (handwriting or typing) that allows your physical writing speed to match the pace of your internal speech. This alignment helps bridge the gap between thought and written word, making the translation process smoother and more efficient.

11. Engage Both Brain Hemispheres

To foster comprehensive communication and cognitive development, engage in activities that stimulate both the left brain (dominant for speech) and the right brain (more balanced for singing and musical processing). This approach leverages the distinct specializations of each hemisphere.

12. Adapt to New Communication Forms

Recognize that modern communication methods like texting are not necessarily detrimental to speech or intellectual prowess, but rather represent an evolution in how brain circuits are utilized. Adopting this perspective can help in understanding and navigating the changing landscape of human communication.

13. Mindful Short-Form Communication

Be aware that short-form communication, such as texting, can lead to misinterpretation due to a lack of nuance, but also that rapid, unfiltered writing might convey more instinctual meaning. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for effective and responsible digital interaction.