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The Art of Learning & Living Life | Josh Waitzkin

Episode 213 Jan 27, 2025 3h 17m 32 insights
In this episode, my guest is Josh Waitzkin, former child chess prodigy and the subject of the movie and true story Searching for Bobby Fischer. Josh is also a world champion martial arts competitor and the author of the book The Art of Learning. We discuss Josh’s childhood as a chess prodigy and how he learned to train and compete at the highest levels by facing his fears and overcoming points of weakness. He explains the principles that unify disparate physical and mental pursuits and how understanding the interconnectedness of the learning process enables ultra-high-level performance across disciplines. We explore how to structure one’s day to tap into the most creative, generative, and unique capabilities. Josh shares his approach to learning, including how to address flaws and mistakes and how to harness the subtle and overt energies of the learning and peak performance process. He also discusses how he structures his life and makes decisions related to career and family. This episode is sure to inspire deep thinking and practical life changes for all who listen. Read the full episode show notes at hubermanlab.com.
Actionable Insights

1. Embrace Thematic Interconnectedness

Actively explore and connect universal principles across different disciplines and life domains, rather than compartmentalizing knowledge. This approach fosters explosive growth by applying insights from one area to many others, as all arts are fundamentally connected at the highest levels.

2. Leverage Devastating Losses For Growth

View your most heartbreaking failures and devastating moments as catalysts for profound growth and transformation. These experiences, though painful, often lead to the most important lessons and insights, even if unconsciously, that can drive future success.

3. Cultivate The Art Of Training

Be highly reflective and deliberate about your training process, constantly seeking to refine your approach. This involves cultivating a love for training, deconstructing skills, and developing the ability to change your physiological state at will.

4. Implement The MIQ Process

Systematically use the ‘Most Important Question’ (MIQ) process to direct your unconscious mind. End your workday by intensely posing the most critical question you’re grappling with, then completely release it, and return to it first thing in the morning before external input to tap into fresh insights.

5. Master Arousal State Transitions

Learn to consciously control and transition between different states of autonomic arousal. Understand how narrowing your visual aperture increases frame rate and tunnel vision, while widening it promotes relaxation and panoramic vision, and practice deploying these states at will.

6. Train In Transitions & In-Between

Deliberately spend time training in the ‘in-between’ spaces and transitions of any art or skill, rather than just focusing on static positions or outcomes. This practice increases your ‘frames’ of perception and allows you to operate in pockets others don’t see.

7. Practice ‘Firewalking’ For Learning

Cultivate the ability to learn from others’ intense experiences and mistakes with the same somatic intensity as if they were your own. Use intense visualization and physiological triggers to make intellectual study feel viscerally impactful, accelerating your learning curve.

8. Confront Weaknesses Through Strengths

Address your weaknesses not by abandoning your core style, but by taking them on through the lens of your strengths. For example, learn defensive strategies from aggressive players, integrating new skills in a way that aligns with your self-expression.

9. Cultivate Quality As A Way Of Life

Approach every action, thought, and interaction with a commitment to quality, not sloppiness. Practicing quality in one area of life will thematically manifest and enhance quality across all other domains, fostering self-expression and excellence.

10. Avoid Static Mental Models

Continuously challenge and shed old successful mental models and patterns, even after achieving significant success. The world is dynamic, so strive for rediscovery and innovation rather than trying to replicate past achievements, which can lead to stagnation.

11. Embrace Adversity & Discomfort

Actively hunt for and embrace adversity, discomfort, and challenges in your training and daily life. This mindset helps build resilience, exposes weaknesses for growth, and prevents complacency, fostering a dynamic approach to improvement.

12. Use Cold Exposure To Train Mind

Regularly engage in deliberate cold exposure to practice ’living on the other side of pain’ and cultivate mental resilience. Focus on interoception to feel and work through adrenaline surges, understanding how they impact cognition and frame rate, rather than just enduring the cold.

13. Address Weaknesses In Less Calloused Areas

When working on a core weakness or bias, practice addressing it in less developed or less ‘calloused’ areas of your life first. This often leads to easier breakthroughs that then transfer and liberate you in your professional or highly skilled domains where the weakness is deeply ingrained.

14. Optimize Day Architecture

Design your day by blocking out dedicated time for creative output and deep work, scheduling meetings and reactive tasks around these core periods. This ensures your day is driven by self-expression and intentionality, rather than constant reactivity.

15. Avoid Immediate Phone Use Upon Waking

Resist the urge to check your phone or engage with external input immediately upon waking. This preserves the precious period of access to your dream state and unconscious processing, allowing insights to surface and be captured before they are shut down by external stimuli.

16. End Work With Unfinished Thought

Conclude your focused work sessions or creative endeavors by leaving a sentence or thought half-written or a question posed. This provides a clear sense of direction and allows your unconscious mind to continue processing, making it easier to resume work with momentum.

17. Reflect Outside Stimulus-Response

Dedicate 10-15 minutes daily to step out of stimulus-response mode and engage in deep reflection. This allows unconscious thoughts and insights to surface, or provides an opportunity for deliberate thought on critical issues, fostering mental clarity and creativity.

18. Balance Long-Term Vision With Presence

Cultivate a fusion of full presence in the moment with a long-term time horizon for your projects and life path. While having a sense of direction, avoid rigidly planning every detail, remaining open to evolving paths and discoveries.

19. Lead With Vulnerability

As a leader, parent, or coach, lead by example by openly confronting your own weaknesses and ‘stains.’ This authentic vulnerability fosters deeper human connection and encourages others to take on their own challenges.

20. Understand Brilliance-Dysfunction Entanglement

When coaching or assessing high performers, deeply understand the complex entanglement of their brilliance and their dysfunctions. Avoid trying to remove a ‘weakness’ without first understanding its potential connection to their genius, as this could inadvertently diminish their unique abilities.

21. Prioritize Listening In Coaching

In coaching, especially with high-level individuals, prioritize listening and observing over actively ‘doing’ or providing solutions. Over-coaching can stem from a need to prove value and often hinders the coachee’s natural growth process.

22. Cultivate Unbreakable Will

Develop an unbreakable will and steadfastness in your pursuits, allowing you to endure challenges and break opponents’ resolve in competitive settings. This involves being both adaptable like water and firm like a mountain.

23. Use Visual Focus To Control Arousal

Deliberately manipulate your visual focus to influence your autonomic arousal. Narrow your gaze for increased focus and fine time slicing (high arousal), or broaden your gaze to take in the panoramic view for relaxation (lower arousal).

24. Increase Morning Arousal For Sleep

Boost your morning levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, and cortisol through practices like bright light exposure, exercise, caffeine (if used), and cold exposure. This robust morning arousal helps set your circadian rhythm and improves subsequent sleep quality at night.

25. Utilize Heat Exposure For Sleep

In the evening, engage in heat exposure practices like a sauna or hot shower. This moves blood to your periphery, which subsequently helps to drop your core body temperature, easing the transition into sleep.

26. Avoid Relying On Opponent Blunders

In competition, always strive to make the best possible move based on your strategy, rather than hoping your opponent will make a mistake. Relying on blunders never works in real, high-level competition.

27. Combine Classical & Street-Smart Learning

Integrate both classical, foundational study with practical, ‘street-smart’ learning. This blend provides a comprehensive understanding, combining theoretical principles with real-world application and tactical insights.

28. Develop Multi-Layered Theory Of Mind

In competitive or interactive contexts, develop a multi-layered understanding of minds: your own, your opponent’s, and your opponent’s understanding of your mind. This complex awareness allows for deeper strategy and deception.

29. Challenge Yourself With Stronger Opponents

To ensure continuous improvement, consistently seek out and compete against opponents who are at or above your current skill level. Playing against stronger individuals exposes weaknesses and forces growth.

30. Practice Micro-MIQ Moments

Integrate brief ‘Most Important Question’ (MIQ) moments throughout your day, such as before a workout, taking a walk, or during a bathroom break. Use these short periods to pose a critical question, release it, and allow insights to emerge, rather than defaulting to phone use.

31. Write Down Decisions Before Acting

For critical decisions, especially in complex situations, make your decision, then write it down, and only then execute the action. This ‘resurfacing’ step allows for a moment of common sense reflection and can prevent blunders.

32. Use Deceptive ‘Tells’ In Competition

In competitive environments, strategically use predictable ’tells’ or patterns of behavior to allow opponents to lean on them, only to then subvert those expectations at a critical moment. This is a form of advanced misdirection.