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Science & Tools of Learning & Memory | Dr. David Eagleman

Jan 26, 2026 2h 24m 35 insights
Dr. David Eagleman, PhD, is a neuroscientist, bestselling author and professor at Stanford University. We discuss how to leverage the science of neuroplasticity to learn new skills and information and how accurate and false memories form and are forgotten. We also discuss time perception and why it speeds up or slows down depending on our age and stress level. We cover dreaming and the meaning of visual and other dream content. And we discuss the neuroscience of cultural and political polarization and how to remedy it. This episode provides science-based knowledge and practical tools you can use to enhance learning and better understand your experience of life in the past, present and future. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com.
Actionable Insights

1. Cultivate Critical Thinking & Creativity

Prioritize developing critical thinking and creativity skills, as these are fundamental for navigating an uncertain future and for personal development.

2. Recognize and Resist Dehumanizing Propaganda

Actively educate yourself on propaganda tactics, particularly the dehumanization of out-groups, to recognize when it’s being used and consciously resist its influence on your empathy and actions.

3. Understand Model Limitations & Others’

Cultivate an understanding of the inherent limitations of your own internal models of the world and actively work to comprehend the models and perspectives of other people.

4. Complexify Relationships for Dialogue

To foster understanding and reduce polarization, intentionally build ‘complexified relationships’ by finding common ground and shared interests with others before engaging in discussions on divisive political issues.

5. Continually Seek Novelty and Challenge

To extend the window of brain plasticity and keep your brain changing, constantly find new things that are a real challenge for you, ensuring they are frustrating but achievable.

6. Stay Actively Engaged in Life

To maintain brain health and build new neural pathways, especially as you age, remain actively engaged in social responsibilities, chores, games, and interactions, avoiding passive activities.

7. Prioritize Directed Brain Plasticity

Aim for directed plasticity by consciously guiding your learning and skill development, understanding that total, undirected plasticity (like that of an infant) is not desirable.

8. Implement Ulysses Contracts

Make a ‘Ulysses Contract’ by setting up safeguards in advance to prevent your future self from succumbing to temptations or making poor choices, thereby ensuring desired behaviors.

9. Consider Your Future Self

Utilize your unique human capacity to simulate possible futures and consider your future self when making decisions, as this helps avoid short-term actions that would not serve your long-term well-being.

10. Be Deliberate with Attention & Memory

Consciously choose what you pay attention to and what memories you cultivate, prioritizing meaningful experiences over trivial distractions to enrich your life.

11. Actively Attend to Form Memories

To experience life as though you’ve lived longer, actively attend to your experiences and consciously form memories, rather than passively letting life wash over you.

12. Engage in Novelty to Clock Memories

Actively seek out and engage in novel experiences, as doing so causes your brain to write down more memory, which in turn makes periods of time feel longer in retrospect.

13. Maximize Development Across Life Axes

Spend time developing yourself along every axis of life, such as being an athlete, a scholar, and fostering a good social life with many friends, to build a healthy, well-rounded nervous system.

14. Practice Repeatedly for Proficiency

Achieving mastery in skills requires consistently spending significant time practicing the activity over and over again, burning it into the brain’s hardware for efficiency.

15. Boost Plasticity with Curiosity

Brain plasticity is significantly enhanced when learning is driven by curiosity or engagement, as this creates the optimal neurotransmitter environment for information to stick.

16. Satisfy Curiosity Instantly

When you are curious about something, seek out information and answers immediately, as learning in the context of curiosity makes information stick more effectively.

17. Debate AI for Critical Thinking

To enhance critical thinking and gain a 360-degree view of issues, engage in debates with AI on controversial topics, practicing arguing from both sides.

18. Remix Knowledge for Creativity

To cultivate creativity, first learn foundational knowledge, then practice taking that knowledge and remixing it by bending, breaking, blending, and creating new versions.

19. Implement Blind Processes to Reduce Bias

To combat discrimination and ensure fair evaluation, implement ‘blind’ processes (e.g., blind auditions) that remove opportunities for bias based on irrelevant factors.

20. Leverage Social Pressure for Habits

To ensure you follow through on positive habits, involve social pressure by committing to activities with a friend, as their expectation will motivate you to show up.

21. Monetary Penalty for Bad Habits

To break an unwanted habit, create a Ulysses Contract by putting money on the line with a highly aversive consequence if you fail.

22. Remove Environmental Temptations

To avoid unwanted behaviors, proactively remove temptations from your environment, as your future self may be vulnerable to them despite your current resolve.

23. Reduce Friction for Good Habits

To ensure you follow through on positive actions, prepare in advance (e.g., placing running shoes by the door) to reduce friction, anticipating that your future self might be less motivated.

24. Commit to Being Five Minutes Early

To ensure you are always on time, make a Ulysses Contract with yourself to consistently arrive five minutes early for all commitments.

25. Separate Phone for Social Media

To increase productivity, happiness, and attention, use a separate, older phone exclusively for social media, preventing it from being your default distraction.

26. Use Phone Lockbox for Freedom

Employ a physical phone lockbox to enforce digital breaks, and consider extending the lock duration as a self-gift to enjoy the freedom from constant temptation and distraction.

27. Switch Activities When Proficient

To maintain brain plasticity, once you become proficient at a task (e.g., crossword puzzles), stop and find a new activity that presents a real challenge, rather than continuing with what you’ve mastered.

28. Switch Up Routine Activities

To enhance brain plasticity and make life feel longer by creating more memories, regularly switch up routine activities, such as brushing your teeth with your non-dominant hand.

29. Vary Commute Routes

To enhance brain plasticity and observe new details, intentionally take different routes for regular commutes, even if it adds a minute, challenging your brain’s internal model.

30. Rearrange Environment for Plasticity

To enhance brain plasticity and challenge your internal model of the world, make simple changes to your physical environment, like rearranging your office or swapping paintings on the wall.

31. Cultivate Presence in Social Gatherings

Intentionally create and fully attend to meaningful social gatherings, such as dinners with close friends, to cultivate deep presence and experience the richness of life.

32. Highlight Common Ground on Social Media

Actively seek out and highlight shared commonalities with others, particularly in online interactions, to build a foundation of mutual understanding and increase willingness to engage in respectful dialogue on contentious topics.

33. Practice Space-Time Meditation

Engage in a perceptual exercise by shifting your attention from your internal body sensations to your immediate external environment, and then to vast cosmic scales, to gain perspective and flexibility in your experience of time.

34. Learn Music and New Language

Engage in learning a musical instrument for personal enrichment and learn a second language, as it is extremely useful for communication and forces the brain to do enriching work.

35. Intense Focus Builds Expertise

To achieve superhuman proficiency in a specific area, devote a substantial amount of your brain’s ‘real estate’ (through focused effort and practice) to that particular task or skill.