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Science of Stress, Testosterone & Free Will | Dr. Robert Sapolsky

Episode 35 Aug 30, 2021 1h 28m 17 insights
In this episode, I interview Dr. Robert Sapolsky, Ph.D., Professor of Biology, Neurology & Neurosurgery at Stanford University. We discuss stress, what defines short-term versus long-term stress, and how stress can be beneficial or detrimental, depending on the context. We also discuss stress mitigation and how our sense of control over stress mitigation techniques, including exercise, determine health outcomes. Dr. Sapolsky explains some of the key effects of the hormone testosterone — how it can amplify pre-existing tendencies for aggression or sexual behavior, but that it does not produce those behaviors per se. He also explains how testosterone impacts our social hierarchies, sense of confidence, and willingness to embrace challenges of different kinds. He also explains how our behaviors and perceptions shape testosterone levels. And we discuss estrogen and the powerful role it plays in brain development, health and longevity. Finally, we discuss free will, what it means to have free will, and if we have any free will, including how knowledge alone might allow us to make better decisions for ourselves and society.  Read the full show notes for this episode at hubermanlab.com.
Actionable Insights

1. Prioritize Daily Stress Management

Dedicate 20-30 minutes daily or every other day to a stress management technique that works for you, as consistently prioritizing your well-being by making time for it provides 80% of the benefit.

2. Embrace Possibility of Change

Cultivate the belief that change is possible, even in difficult circumstances, to avoid fatalism and remain open to positive outcomes.

3. Knowledge as an Effector

Recognize that knowledge itself, including understanding how biology and environment influence behavior, is a powerful tool that can change your brain and influence your responses to the world.

4. Strive for Betterment

Despite understanding that behaviors are mechanistically determined, continue to strive to be a better human being, as this endeavor remains worthwhile and can lead to positive change.

5. Leverage Multiple Hierarchies

Participate in multiple hierarchies (e.g., work, hobbies, community) to buffer against low status in one area, allowing you to derive self-esteem and meaning from other domains.

6. Manage Stress with Nuanced Control

Seek a sense of control and predictability for mild to moderate stressors to reduce the stress response. For major stressors, however, accepting a lack of control can be more protective than believing you could have prevented it.

7. Cultivate Authentic Social Support

Seek genuine social support by distinguishing between mere acquaintances and true support, and ensure reciprocity in your relationships rather than solely demanding support.

8. Choose Personal Stress Mitigation

Select a stress management technique that genuinely works for you and that you can tolerate, rather than forcing yourself to do one that causes distress, even if others recommend it.

9. Attribute Others’ Behavior Situationally

When others do something rotten, try to attribute their behavior to situational factors rather than inherent character flaws, recognizing that we often do this for our own bad actions.

10. Consider Physiological Hormone Therapy

Consult with a physician about hormone replacement therapy (e.g., estrogen, testosterone) to maintain physiological levels, as this may offer protective effects against conditions like dementia and avoid negative outcomes from significant hormonal lags.

11. Practice Yoga Nidra/NSDR

Practice Yoga Nidra or Non-Sleep Deep Rest (NSDR) by lying still with an active mind for even short 10-minute sessions to greatly restore cognitive and physical energy.

12. Use Meditation App

Use a meditation app (like Waking Up) to learn and practice meditations of different durations and types, allowing you to explore consciousness and place your brain and body into various states.

13. Drink Electrolytes for Hydration

Dissolve one packet of electrolyte drink (like Element) in 16-32 ounces of water first thing in the morning and during physical exercise to ensure adequate hydration and electrolytes for optimal brain and body function.

14. Take Athletic Greens Daily

Take Athletic Greens once or twice a day to cover basic nutritional needs, make up for deficiencies, and support microbiome health with probiotics.

15. Supplement Vitamin D3 K2

Supplement with Vitamin D3 K2, as D3 is essential for brain and body health (many are deficient even with sunshine) and K2 regulates cardiovascular function and calcium.

16. Don’t Over-rely on Testosterone

Do not assume testosterone directly causes aggression or sexual behavior; it primarily amplifies pre-existing patterns and motivations, and small fluctuations have little effect.

17. Skepticism for Stress Claims

Be skeptical of claims that one specific brand of stress management is scientifically proven to be superior to others, as this is often a marketing tactic.