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Improve Flexibility with Research-Supported Stretching Protocols

Episode 76 Jun 13, 2022 2h 4m 17 insights
In this episode, I explain the science behind limb range of motion and flexibility and how to increase them by using science-supported protocols. Flexibility is crucial for physical movements and can help prevent injuries, decrease inflammation, modulate physical and mental pain, impact exercise recovery speed and even potentially slow the progression of certain diseases. I explain the biology of flexibility, including the specific neural mechanisms that sense stretch and load (i.e., tension) on the muscles and limbs, as well as how specific brain regions like the insula combine those signals to ultimately control limb range of movement. I also provide science-based stretching and “micro-stretching” protocols that reliably improve limb flexibility with the minimum necessary time investment. I review all the details of those stretching protocols: how often to do them, for how long, their timing relative to other exercises, sets, the time between sets, measuring progress and more. All people, physically active or not, should benefit from the information and tools described in this episode. For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.
Actionable Insights

1. Low-Intensity Static Stretching

For optimal long-term flexibility, hold static stretches at a low intensity (30-40% of pain threshold) as it’s more effective than moderate-intensity stretching and reduces injury risk.

2. Consistent Static Stretching Protocol

To significantly improve limb range of motion, dedicate at least five minutes per muscle group per week, distributed across at least five sessions (e.g., 2-4 sets of 30-second holds, 5 days/week).

3. Antagonistic Muscle Contraction Hack

Temporarily increase a muscle’s flexibility (e.g., hamstrings) by intensely contracting its antagonistic muscle (e.g., quadriceps) for 10-30 seconds immediately before stretching.

4. Warm Up for Stretching

Always raise your core body temperature before stretching to avoid injury; this can be done with 5-10 minutes of light cardio/calisthenics or by stretching after other physical exercise.

5. Yoga for Pain Tolerance

Practice yoga to increase insular gray matter volume, which enhances interoceptive awareness and significantly improves your ability to cope with physical and emotional pain.

6. Stretching for Relaxation & Health

Engage in gentle daily stretching for 10 minutes to activate the parasympathetic nervous system, inducing systemic relaxation and reducing local and systemic inflammation.

7. Interleave Antagonistic Resistance Sets

In resistance training, alternate sets of pushing and pulling exercises (antagonistic muscle groups) with 60 seconds rest to potentially improve overall performance and reduce repetition drop-off.

8. Feel the Stretch, Not Distance

When stretching, focus on feeling the stretch in the relevant muscle groups rather than rigidly pursuing a specific range of motion, as daily flexibility can vary based on internal and external factors.

9. Prioritize Static Stretching

Prioritize static stretching (including PNF) for long-term increases in limb range of motion, as it has shown to be more effective than dynamic or ballistic stretching for this goal.

10. Pre-Workout Dynamic Stretching

Perform safe dynamic or ballistic stretching before resistance training, cardiovascular exercise, or skill training to warm up neural circuits, joints, and muscles, and to improve movement accuracy, stability, and confidence.

11. Static Stretch for Form

If tightness limits proper form or stability in weight training, perform static stretching beforehand to improve limb range of motion, even if it means temporarily using less weight.

12. Flexible Stretching Schedule

If daily stretching is challenging, consider performing longer static holds (e.g., three 60-second sets every other day) instead of shorter, more frequent sessions.

13. Cope with Discomfort Mentally

When experiencing pain or discomfort, employ mental strategies like positive imagery, relaxation, acceptance, observation, or focused breathing, as these can enhance coping mechanisms.

14. Daily Foundational Nutrition

Take Athletic Greens daily to cover basic nutritional needs, address potential deficiencies, and support microbiome health with probiotics.

15. Hydrate with Electrolytes Daily

Drink Element (electrolytes without sugar) first thing in the morning (1 packet in 16-32 oz water) and during physical exercise for optimal brain and body function and to prevent dehydration.

16. Restore Energy with NSDR

Practice 10-minute sessions of Yoga Nidra or Non-Sleep Deep Rest (NSDR) to significantly restore cognitive and physical energy.

17. Meditate with Waking Up App

Utilize the Waking Up app for meditation to access various brain and body states, with programs of different durations to fit your schedule.