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How Your Thoughts Are Built & How You Can Shape Them | Dr. Jennifer Groh

Episode 254 Nov 10, 2025 2h 16m 22 insights
My guest is Dr. Jennifer Groh, PhD, professor of psychology and neuroscience at Duke University. She explains how our brain encodes sights and sounds and integrates them so we can navigate and understand the world around us. She explains what thoughts really are and how what you focus on determines your thoughts, not just in that moment but your future thoughts too. We discuss this in the context of how to improve your level of focus and happiness and how to complete tasks and task-switch more effectively. We also discuss how you can rewire the neural circuits that underlie your default patterns of thinking and attention. Sponsors AGZ by AG1: https://drinkagz.com/huberman Lingo: https://hellolingo.com/huberman Wealthfront*: https://wealthfront.com/huberman Our Place: https://fromourplace.com/huberman Helix Sleep: https://helixsleep.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Timestamps 0:00 Jennifer Groh 3:41 Sounds & Vision, Sensory Integration; Dynamic Maps 7:42 Context & Mapping; Screens, Projection & Perception, Ventriloquists 13:52 Sound Localization 16:53
Actionable Insights

1. Cultivate Deep Focus by Narrowing Sensory Input

Actively create an environment with minimal sensory distractions (e.g., no phones, no internet) to allow your brain to enter deep focus states, recognizing that the initial transition might feel effortful.

2. Strategic Resource Shifting for Attention

When facing demanding cognitive or sensory-motor tasks (like merging in traffic), consciously tell others to be quiet and shift mental resources away from conversation towards the immediate task.

3. Break Mental Ruts by Changing Environment

If you get stuck on a difficult mental task, physically change your immediate environment (e.g., move to a different cafe, change seats) to help your brain disengage from the rut and find new perspectives.

4. Practice Cognitive Interval Training

For effortful mental work, allow yourself short breaks between intense bursts of focus (e.g., writing a sentence, then taking a brief mental break) rather than forcing continuous, long-duration attention.

5. Allow Ideas to Marinate Unconsciously

Schedule important meetings or information intake before periods of downtime (e.g., travel, rest) to allow ideas to process and connect in the background, trusting that insights will emerge later.

6. Manage Digital Device Engagement Consciously

Be aware of why you’re using your phone (e.g., boredom) and actively swap endless scrolling for healthier alternatives with clear end points, such as podcasts, audiobooks, or physical books.

7. Implement Digital Device Segregation

To prevent constant distraction, use a separate, older phone for social media or log out of social media apps on your primary device, making access require explicit effort.

8. Use Music Strategically for Focus

When working, choose music that is either very familiar (so it doesn’t grab attention) or instrumental (without lyrics) to avoid language intrusion and create a consistent auditory cue for your work.

9. Create Project-Specific Music Playlists

Develop specific music playlists for particular projects to serve as auditory cues that help your brain associate the music with the task and transition into a focused state.

10. Protect Hearing by Managing Headphone Volume

Avoid listening to headphones at volumes so loud that others nearby can hear the sound, as this indicates a level that can cause permanent hearing damage.

11. Utilize Noise-Canceling Headphones in Loud Environments

In noisy surroundings, opt for noise-canceling headphones to reduce external distractions and allow for lower listening volumes, thereby protecting your hearing.

12. Consider Bone Conduction Headphones for Safety

Use bone conduction headphones when exercising outdoors or in environments where you need to hear surrounding sounds for safety, as they leave your ears open.

13. Practice Single-Point Visual Focus

Experiment with focusing your vision on a single spot for a period (e.g., like the Chinese classroom technique) to potentially improve overall cognitive attention and focus.

14. Understand Choking in Performance

Recognize that ‘choking’ under high pressure often results from over-recruiting too much motor effort; aim to stay calm and trust your existing abilities rather than trying too hard.

15. Adopt a Scientific Mindset for Disagreement

Approach disagreements with a willingness to be led by facts, acknowledge weaknesses in your own arguments, and be open to changing your mind based on evidence.

16. Outsource Monitoring of Critical Information

To reduce constant vigilance and mental load, delegate the monitoring of major world events or critical information to others who can alert you if necessary.

17. Use Satellite Communicator in Remote Areas

When venturing into remote wilderness, carry a satellite communicator to maintain a minimal level of contact, which can reduce anxiety and enhance relaxation by knowing you can be reached in an emergency.

Visit the Grand Central Station whispering gallery to personally experience how sound waves can travel over long distances, enhancing your understanding of sound localization and perception.

19. Learn Thunder and Lightning Safety Protocol

If you see lightning, count the seconds until you hear thunder; if it’s five seconds or less, seek shelter immediately, as this indicates close proximity to the strike.

20. Recognize Earthquake Warning Sounds

Be aware that a major earthquake often begins with a loud, train-like sound before the shaking starts, providing an early auditory warning.

21. Experiment with ‘Hypnotizing’ Chickens

Observe or try the technique of drawing a line in the dirt and placing a chicken’s beak on it to witness a state of hyper-focus, which can offer insights into the relationship between vision and attention.

22. Consider In-Room Listening for Music

If you find headphone listening ‘weird’ or ‘in your head,’ experiment with listening to music through speakers in a room to experience sound as coming from an external, integrated space.