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How to Prevent & Treat Colds & Flu

Episode 158 Jan 8, 2024 2h 1m 18 insights
In this episode, I explain the biology of the common cold and flu (influenza) and how the immune system combats these infections. I describe behavior, nutrition and supplementation-based tools supported by peer-reviewed research to enhance immune system function and better combat colds and flu. I also dispel common myths about how the cold and flu are transmitted and when you and those around you are contagious. I explain if common preventatives and treatments such as vitamin C, zinc, vitamin D and echinacea work. I also highlight other compounds known to reduce contracting and duration of colds and flu.  I discuss how to use exercise and sauna to bolster the immune response. This episode will help listeners understand how to reduce the chances of catching a cold or flu and help people recover more quickly from and prevent the spread of colds and flu. Correction: I misspoke in the episode. A micron is 1/10,000 of a centimeter, not 1,000. Additionally, 1 millimeter equals 1/10 of a centimeter, not 1/100. For show notes, including referenced articles and additional resources, please visit hubermanlab.com. Use Ask Huberman Lab, our new AI-powered platform, for a summary, clips, and insights from this episode.
Actionable Insights

1. Isolate When Symptomatic

If you are experiencing cold or flu symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, or runny eyes, stay home and avoid contact with others as much as possible, as you are contagious and exposing others to the virus.

2. Optimize Foundational Health

Maintain a robust innate immune system by prioritizing quality sleep, engaging in appropriate exercise, ensuring adequate nutrition (avoiding chronic caloric deficit), and managing chronic stress.

3. Strategic Exercise for Immunity

Engage in regular exercise of moderate to high intensity for 12-60 minutes per session, being careful not to exceed 75 minutes, to bolster your innate immune system by increasing immune cell circulation and activity. If feeling body malaise or sick, prioritize rest and avoid intense exercise to prevent compromising your immune system.

4. Practice Nasal Breathing

Consciously practice nasal breathing throughout the day and night, except when speaking, eating, or during intense exercise, to maintain a healthy nasal microbiome and regulate air temperature, which is crucial for combating incoming cold and flu viruses.

5. Avoid Face Touching

Be consciously aware and avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth with your hands, especially after shaking hands with others or touching public surfaces, as these are primary entry points for cold and flu viruses. Consider using hand sanitizer after contact if you cannot avoid touching your face.

6. Supplement Zinc for Colds

Supplement with 90-100 mg of zinc per day (no more than 120 mg/day), divided into doses and taken with a meal to avoid gastric distress, as it has strong data supporting its ability to combat colds and potentially reduce their duration by up to three times.

7. Consider NAC for Cold/Flu

Consider supplementing with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a mucolytic during a cold (e.g., 600-900 mg three times daily, avoiding close to sleep) or as a preventative (e.g., 600 mg twice daily for six months) to potentially reduce influenza contraction and support glutathione levels.

8. Regular Sauna for Immunity

Incorporate regular deliberate heat exposure, such as sauna sessions (e.g., three 15-minute rounds at 176-210°F with 2-minute cool-offs, or one 20-30 minute session), to increase innate immune system activity and leukocyte levels. Avoid hot saunas if you are already feeling sick.

9. Eat Fermented Foods

Support your gut microbiome by consuming two to four servings of low-sugar fermented foods daily, such as refrigerated sauerkraut, kimchi, kefir, kombucha, or live-culture yogurt, to promote microbiota diversity and bolster your innate immune system.

10. Track Health & Lifestyle

Keep a daily record of sleep quality, workouts, travel, and other life events, and review these patterns when you get sick to identify triggers or behaviors that precede illness, helping you learn what best protects your immune system.

11. Prioritize Electrolyte Hydration

Ensure proper hydration and adequate electrolytes (sodium, magnesium, potassium) by dissolving one packet of Element in 16-32 ounces of water first thing in the morning and during physical exercise, as these are vital for optimal brain and body function and cell functioning.

12. Utilize NSDR for Energy

Practice Non-Sleep Deep Rest (NSDR) or yoga nidra sessions, even for just 10 minutes, to greatly restore levels of cognitive and physical energy, as supported by scientific data.

13. Morning Oral Swish

Upon waking, before brushing your teeth, take a sip of water, swish it around your mouth, and then swallow it to introduce beneficial oral bacteria into your digestive tract, supporting the gut microbiome.

14. Post-Exercise Carbohydrate Intake

If training fasted or for longer durations (over 60-75 minutes), ingest complex carbohydrates and fruit within 45-60 minutes post-exercise to attenuate inflammation and prevent prolonged elevation of inflammatory molecules.

15. Adjust Exercise Post-Sleep Deprivation

If you experience one night of poor sleep but are not feeling sick, prioritize more sleep if possible; otherwise, engage in a reduced intensity and duration (25-50%) workout to offset negative effects, but remember exercise is not a substitute for sleep.

16. Supplement Vitamin D (Measured)

Supplement with 1,000-2,000 IU of Vitamin D daily to prevent deficiency and support immune function, especially if prone to respiratory infections, but consider getting your Vitamin D levels measured to determine if higher doses are needed.

17. Reconsider High-Dose Vitamin C

High doses of vitamin C (6-8 grams/day) are unlikely to be effective for treating or preventing colds and flus, as a meta-analysis supporting its benefits was retracted due to data analysis flaws. Ensure sufficient intake from food or foundational supplements instead.

18. Limit Echinacea Use

Echinacea has little scientific support for preventing or treating colds and flus, and high-dose, regular use may impede innate immune function; if used, reserve it for when feeling run down or during peak winter, and do not take it continuously for more than four weeks.