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How to Overcome Addiction to Substances or Behaviors | Dr. Keith Humphreys

Jan 12, 2026 3h 27m 27 insights
Dr. Keith Humphreys is a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford School of Medicine and a leading expert on treating addictions, drug laws and policy. We discuss all the major addictive substances and behaviors, including alcohol, opioids, gambling, stimulants, nicotine, cannabis and more, focusing on how genetics and certain use patterns shape addiction susceptibility. We discuss the best evidence-based tools for recovery, from 12-step programs to emerging treatments such as psychedelics and ibogaine. Anyone interested in making better choices for their health and/or seeking to avoid or overcome addictions ought to benefit from this episode. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com.
Actionable Insights

1. Join a Support Group for Change

To successfully make a behavior change, surround yourself with others pursuing the same goal. This provides both crucial social support and accountability, making it easier to stick to the new behavior.

2. Build Intrinsic Motivation for Change

When assisting someone with a behavior change, ask them what they want to achieve and why, helping them articulate their personal motives. This approach fosters intrinsic motivation, which is essential for sustaining the effort required for change.

3. Act Early on Addiction Concerns

If you are in the early stages of worrying about an addiction, recognize that your chances of recovery are dramatically higher. Embrace rational optimism, as millions are successfully in recovery, and it’s much easier to address the issue before significant life damage occurs.

4. Try Free Mutual Support Programs

If you aim to stop drinking or address other addictions, consider attending free, accessible mutual support programs like AA or Smart Recovery. These groups provide inspiration, practical advice, and a sense of community with minimal personal risk.

5. Embrace Humility in 12-Step Recovery

For 12-step programs, recognize that the “higher power” concept is adaptable to personal beliefs, but the core principle is admitting you are not in control of your addiction. This essential humility, rather than a specific religious belief, is the non-negotiable foundation for recovery.

6. Accompany Loved Ones to 12-Step

To encourage a loved one to attend a 12-step meeting, offer to go with them, especially if you have already attended an open meeting yourself. Your willingness to participate can significantly lower their resistance and make them more likely to seek help.

7. Remove Environmental Cues for Addiction

Actively identify and eliminate environmental triggers or easy access to the substance or behavior you are trying to quit, such as removing all alcohol from your home. Making it behaviorally more difficult to engage in the addiction can significantly support your recovery efforts.

8. Develop Social Skills for Sobriety

Acquire practical skills to manage social interactions and find enjoyment without relying on the addictive substance or behavior. This involves learning to communicate your new boundaries to friends and exploring alternative sources of fun and connection.

9. Visualize Long-Term Rewards for Motivation

To sustain motivation during addiction recovery, clearly define and visualize specific long-term rewards, such as a desired trip, that you can achieve by abstaining. This strategy helps to overcome immediate cravings and withdrawal discomfort by focusing on compelling future benefits.

10. Adopt Positive Replacement Behaviors

Actively find and commit to positive replacement behaviors, such as going to the gym, to fill the void left by addiction. This strategy can lead to significant improvements in personal relationships, professional life, and overall well-being, effectively breaking addictive cycles.

11. Recovery Builds New Life Rewards

Recognize that addiction genes are risks, not destiny, and successful recovery allows you to build new, positive life experiences like respected work and mental clarity. These new rewards incrementally strengthen your resolve, making sustained sobriety progressively easier over time.

12. Avoid Substance Harm: Abstain

The most reliable way to ensure a substance does not negatively impact your life is to never use it at all, as there is always some inherent risk with any substance use.

13. Verify Substance Origin; Prioritize Abstinence

To avoid accidental overdose or addiction, strictly avoid consuming any substance whose contents and origin you cannot personally verify. Remember that your ultimate control over addiction lies in the choice to never use a substance at all.

14. Delay Substance Use Until Adulthood

Understand that the developing brain in childhood and adolescence is highly plastic, making it far more susceptible to addiction and severe negative consequences from substance use. Delaying initiation of any substance until adulthood significantly reduces these risks.

15. Avoid Cannabis with Psychosis Family History

If you have first-degree relatives with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or any psychotic disorder, it is strongly recommended to avoid cannabis use due to the heightened personal risk of developing psychosis.

16. Prioritize Cancer Risk Over Cardiac Benefit

When considering alcohol consumption, always weigh any potential cardiac benefits against the clear and greater cancer risks, as the net effect is no reduction in mortality from drinking.

17. Assess Alcohol Risk via Family History

To understand your predisposition for alcohol problems, inquire if your parents were alcoholic or if problem drinking is present in your family, as this is the most informative genetic indicator available.

18. Use Health Data as Social Justification

If you decide to quit drinking and face social pressure, leverage health data, such as cancer risks, as a legitimate and accepted explanation for your choice. This can help navigate social situations where not drinking might otherwise be questioned.

19. Explore SAINT Protocol for Depression

If suffering from treatment-resistant depression, consider exploring the SAINT protocol, a form of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (RTMS). This non-invasive treatment shows clear efficacy with virtually no downsides, making it a promising option.

20. Leverage GLP-1s for Dual Health Benefits

If you struggle with both addiction and obesity, explore treatments like GLP-1 agonists (e.g., Ozempic). These medications, while primarily for weight loss, can also reduce cravings for substances like alcohol, allowing you to leverage motivation for one health goal to benefit another.

21. Distinguish Drug Benefit from Withdrawal Relief

Be aware that many perceived benefits from substances, like feeling better after using nicotine, are often just the relief of withdrawal symptoms. To overcome dependence, commit to enduring the temporary discomfort of withdrawal, after which the substance will no longer be needed for that feeling.

22. Advocate for Stricter Addiction Regulation

Support strong, intelligent regulation of addictive products like alcohol, cannabis, and gambling, including advertising restrictions and taxes. This is crucial because consumers often cannot protect themselves from products engineered for addiction, requiring societal safeguards.

23. Recognize Gambling’s Novelty Trap

Understand that modern gambling machines exploit the brain’s craving for novelty, not just financial wins, by providing “losses disguised as wins” and novel combinations. This design can lead to continued play and financial loss, even when objectively losing money.

24. Attend Open AA Meetings for Insight

If you’re curious about addiction, want to support a loved one, or are exploring recovery for any addiction, attend an open AA meeting. These accessible, free gatherings offer valuable insight into self-organized mutual support and recovery processes.

25. Use Physical Lockbox for Phone Addiction

Combat social media or phone addiction by using a physical lockbox for your device or a separate “social media phone” that you can store away. This physical barrier effectively blocks impulses, allowing you to focus on other tasks and real-world interactions.

26. Set Social Media Norms & Use Suppression Software

Utilize software to suppress social media notifications and actively establish personal and societal norms for appropriate usage, such as avoiding phones at the dinner table. Individual efforts must be complemented by collective norm-building to effectively manage social media addiction.

27. Confront Fear of Death Through Exposure

If you fear death, consider counterphobic exposure by engaging with the dying, such as through hospice volunteering. This experience can profoundly reduce your own fear, foster acceptance, and equip you to offer compassionate support to grieving families and individuals.