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How to Optimize Testosterone & Estrogen

Episode 15 Apr 12, 2021 1h 58m 29 insights
In this episode, I discuss testosterone and estrogen hormones and how they impact the brain, body, and behavior after puberty. I also discuss how various behaviors such as exercise (resistance and endurance training) and sex or observing sex impact these hormones and their levels. I ask: "what specifically is it about such activities that impact testosterone and estrogen?"; the resounding theme is that when our nervous system is activated in particular ways, it drives our endocrine system and vascular system to activate or repress certain hormone networks in predictable ways. I also discuss peer-reviewed studies and protocols addressing (at a mechanistic level) how light, cold and heat, and respiration (breathing) can positively or negatively impact testosterone and estrogen. We discuss specific supplements and compounds that peer-reviewed studies illustrate can adjust testosterone and estrogen levels by changing their binding to other proteins, raising them directly, or changing other hormones released from the brain and pituitary. I discuss optimization in the normal reference ranges for these hormones, and I discuss pheromones, apnea, menstrual cycles, menopause and andropause. Read the full show notes for this episode at hubermanlab.com.
Actionable Insights

1. Adopt Salutogenesis Mindset

Orient towards health by taking on behaviors (nutrition, exercise, supplementation) to actively promote wellbeing beyond your current state, rather than solely to avoid disease. This mindset can enhance energy, endocrine, and metabolic function.

2. Frame Health Behaviors Positively

Consciously acknowledge and focus on the positive effects of health-promoting behaviors (e.g., exercise is good for you). This positive framing is scientifically shown to have an outsized beneficial effect on overall well-being and physiology.

3. Prioritize Nasal Breathing

Breathe primarily through your nose, not your mouth, during both waking hours and sleep. This practice improves sleep quality, reduces sleep apnea, enhances gas exchange, increases lung capacity, dilates sinuses, and indirectly optimizes testosterone and estrogen by reducing cortisol.

4. Nasal Breathe During Exercise

Practice nasal breathing during cardiovascular exercise, except when performing at maximum effort. This helps to dilate nasal passages over time, making nose breathing easier and improving overall breathing efficiency.

5. Consider Mouth Taping for Sleep

If you struggle with mouth breathing during sleep, consider gently taping your mouth shut with easily removable tape to encourage nasal breathing. This can help reduce apnea and improve sleep quality.

6. View Bright Light Early

Expose your eyes to 2-10 minutes of bright light, ideally sunlight, within the first hour of waking. This is crucial for proper cortisol timing, increasing dopamine levels, and promoting healthy production of testosterone and estrogen.

7. Avoid Bright Light at Night

Refrain from exposing your eyes to bright light in the middle of the night. This prevents the suppression of dopamine release, which is detrimental to healthy testosterone and estrogen levels and disrupts sleep.

8. Engage in Heavy Weight Training

Perform weight training with heavy loads, typically in the 1-8 repetition range (70-95% of maximum effort), but avoiding training to complete failure. This method significantly increases testosterone levels for 1-2 days by engaging high-threshold motor units.

9. Order Exercise for Hormones

If combining weight training and endurance exercise in the same session, perform heavy weight training first, followed by cardiovascular endurance activity. This order appears to optimize testosterone levels.

10. Limit Intense Endurance Exercise

Keep intense endurance exercise sessions to 75 minutes or less. Prolonged, intense endurance activity can lead to excessive increases in cortisol, which may result in reductions in testosterone.

11. Engage in Competition

Actively participate in competitive environments, as the act of competition itself can increase androgen levels, including testosterone, independent of the outcome (winning or losing).

12. Practice Abstinence or Non-Ejaculatory Sex

Consider practicing abstinence or engaging in sex without ejaculation for a week or more, as this has been shown to increase testosterone levels by up to 400%. Note that sex itself also increases testosterone, but ejaculation increases prolactin.

13. Utilize Cold Exposure

Incorporate cold exposure, such as 1-10 minute ice baths, cold showers, or cold water swims. This can potentially increase testosterone (in males) and estrogen (in females) through a mechanism involving rebound vasodilation and neural control of blood flow to the gonads.

14. Ensure Adequate Micronutrients

Maintain sufficient intake of Vitamin D3, Zinc, and Magnesium. Deficiencies in these micronutrients are linked to negative impacts on testosterone and estrogen production. Consult examine.com for appropriate dosage ranges.

15. Avoid Excessive Opioid Use

Steer clear of excessive or prolonged low-level opioid use. Opioids dramatically reduce testosterone and estrogen levels by disrupting the hypothalamic neurons responsible for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) production.

16. Pueraria Mirifica for Menopause

For individuals experiencing menopause symptoms, explore Pueraria Mirifica (also known as Quau Curu Cow). Studies suggest it can be very potent, with effects comparable to estrogen replacement therapy in reducing menopause symptoms. Caution is advised, consult a doctor.

17. Tongkat Ali for Free Testosterone

Consider supplementing with Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma Longifolia Jack) at 400-800 mg per day. Scientific literature suggests it can have pro-fertility, pro-free testosterone, and subtle aphrodisiac effects by liberating bound testosterone. Be aware of potential excessive alertness or insomnia if taken late.

18. Creatine for DHT (with caution)

Supplementing with creatine can increase dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels. Be aware that if you are genetically susceptible to DHT-related hair loss, creatine may exacerbate this condition.

19. Boron for Free Testosterone

Consider supplementing with a couple of grams of Boron daily. Some scientific support suggests it can help free up more testosterone in the bloodstream.

20. Black Cohosh for Menopause

For modest relief of menopause symptoms and slight increases in estrogen, consider Black Cohosh. Studies show consistent but minor effects, often with a significant placebo effect also observed.

21. Panax Ginseng for Menopause Libido

Panax Ginseng has been shown to decrease some menopause symptoms, primarily those related to libido, though its effects on other symptoms may be unreliable.

22. Valeriana Officinalis for Menopause

Valeriana Officinalis may offer some improvement for hot flash symptoms and insomnia associated with menopause. Studies indicate significant but modest effects.

23. Fadogia Agrestis for LH Increase

Consider Fadogia Agrestis to potentially increase luteinizing hormone (LH), which in turn can increase testosterone and estrogen levels. Note that the side effect profile for this supplement is currently unclear.

24. Regular Hormone Blood Work

When considering or actively modifying sex steroid hormones, obtain regular blood work. This is crucial for safety, to monitor hormone levels (testosterone, estrogen, LH, FSH, etc.), and to assess the effectiveness of interventions.

25. Exercise Extreme Caution with Hormones

Approach any modulation of hormones, especially androgens and estrogens, with extreme caution. ‘More is not better,’ as excessively high levels can promote the growth of cancers in tissues with high cell turnover (e.g., breast, testicular, prostate).

26. Ecdysteroids (e.g., Turkesterone)

Be aware of ecdysteroids like Turkesterone, plant-derived molecules with structural similarities to cholesterol. Some studies suggest they can significantly increase muscle mass, strength, and hypertrophy, leading some researchers to propose their inclusion on lists of prohibited substances in sports.

27. Athletic Greens Supplementation

Consider taking Athletic Greens once or twice daily to help cover basic nutritional needs, address potential deficiencies, and provide probiotics vital for microbiome health.

28. Element Electrolyte Drink

Use Element, an electrolyte drink with sodium, magnesium, and potassium in correct ratios but no sugar. Dissolve one packet in 16-32 ounces of water upon waking and during physical exercise to ensure optimal hydration and electrolyte balance.

29. Utilize Waking Up App

Use the Waking Up app for meditation, mindfulness training, yoga nidra, or non-sleep deep rest (NSDR) protocols. It offers various durations and types of sessions to help place the brain and body into different states and restore cognitive and physical energy.