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How to Exercise & Eat for Optimal Health & Longevity | Dr. Gabrielle Lyon

Episode 182 Jun 24, 2024 3h 3m 37 insights
In this episode, my guest is Dr. Gabrielle Lyon, D.O., a board-certified physician who did her clinical and research training at Washington University in geriatrics and nutrition. She is also an expert in how diet and exercise impact muscle and whole-body health and longevity. Dr. Lyon is a bestselling author and public educator. We discuss how healthy skeletal muscle promotes longevity, brain health, disease prevention, ideal body composition, and the health of other organs and bodily systems. She makes specific nutritional recommendations for optimal health: what to eat, how much to eat, the timing of meals, the essential need for adequate quality protein (including animal and plant-based options), supplementation, and how our dietary requirements change with age. She explains why specific types of resistance training are essential to build and maintain muscle and overall metabolic health. She also describes how to include resistance training as part of your exercise regimen — regardless of age or sex.  She also provides specific mindset tools to encourage sustained adherence to healthy eating and exercise practices. Women and men of all ages will benefit from Dr. Lyon’s practical, evidence-based protocols to improve muscle and whole-body appearance, function, and health. Access the full show notes, including referenced articles, books, people mentioned, and additional resources at hubermanlab.com. Andrew's New Book Protocols: An Operating Manual for the Human Body: https://protocolsbook.com
Actionable Insights

1. Prioritize Muscle Health

Focus on improving muscular tissue for immediate and long-term well-being, as muscle is the ‘organ of longevity’ and supports all organ and tissue systems in your body.

2. Resistance Training is Non-Negotiable

Engage in resistance training as a non-negotiable component of your health regimen, starting with two days a week and progressing to three, as it’s crucial for muscle health and overall well-being.

3. Daily Quality Protein Intake

Aim for approximately one gram of quality protein per pound of ideal body weight daily (or 1.6 grams per kg of body weight) to support optimal muscle health and body composition.

4. First Meal Protein Threshold

Consume 30 to 50 grams of high-quality protein in your first meal of the day (whenever that may be) to effectively stimulate muscle protein synthesis and promote overall muscle health.

5. Avoid Sedentary Behavior

Recognize sedentary behavior (less than 5,000 steps per day) as a disease state that can lead to skeletal muscle insulin resistance and negatively impact overall health; prioritize movement throughout the day.

6. Set Standards, Not Goals

Adopt a mindset of setting standards for behavior and execution (e.g., daily training, nutrition plan) rather than just goals, as standards provide a consistent framework for action regardless of transient feelings, leading to sustained results.

7. Feel Worthy of Health

Reflect on and address any underlying feelings of unworthiness regarding health and wellness, as a lack of self-worth can lead to self-sabotage and prevent sustained progress in health goals.

8. Know Your Failure Points

Identify and understand your personal points of vulnerability and failure, especially during moments of high success or after major achievements, to proactively prevent falling off track with health and wellness habits.

9. Cultivate Emotional Neutrality

Cultivate a level of emotional neutrality to manage and mitigate extreme emotional highs and lows, which helps maintain consistency in health behaviors and allows for quicker recovery from setbacks.

10. Distribute Protein Evenly

Distribute your daily protein intake across multiple meals, ensuring each meal contains 30 to 50 grams of protein, with particular emphasis on the first and last meals of the day for optimal muscle protein synthesis and overall muscle health.

11. Choose High-Quality Protein Sources

Prioritize high-quality, animal-based protein sources (e.g., eggs, whey, beef, poultry) due to their complete amino acid profiles; if plant-based, consume a higher total protein amount (closer to 1.6g/kg) and be mindful of carbohydrate co-ingestion.

12. Increase Protein with Age

As you age (e.g., 60s and beyond), increase your protein intake to 30-50 grams per meal, as your body becomes more reliant on leucine and resistance training to stimulate muscle protein synthesis.

13. Limit Sedentary Carb Intake

If sedentary, limit carbohydrate intake to approximately 130 grams per day, as the average American consumes more than double this amount, which can distort metabolism.

14. Moderate Meal Carbohydrates

Consume no more than 40-50 grams of carbohydrates per meal outside of exercise to mitigate excessive insulin response and ensure safe glucose disposal.

15. Earn Carbs Through Exercise

Earn additional carbohydrate intake through exercise, consuming 40-70 grams per hour of intense activity, which can be safely disposed of within a two-hour period.

16. Leverage Protein’s Thermic Effect

Understand that protein has a high thermic effect of food (20-30%), meaning a significant portion of its caloric energy is used for digestion and muscle protein synthesis, effectively reducing the net calories absorbed.

17. Protein Spares Lean Mass

Implement a protein-forward diet (e.g., 40% carbs, 30% protein, 30% fat) to achieve greater body fat loss and protect lean muscle mass, even at the same caloric deficit, compared to lower protein diets.

18. Beginner Resistance Training

For new or unskilled lifters, prioritize ‘high ground’ movements using machines (e.g., hack squats, leg presses, lat pulldowns, supported rows) to safely build strength, hypertrophy, and power while minimizing injury risk.

19. Optimize Resistance Training Intensity

Train for hypertrophy (muscle growth) with 5-10 repetitions for 3-5 sets, ensuring the final repetitions are challenging and the load provides sufficient stimulus, even if not extremely heavy.

20. Efficient Workout Duration

Structure resistance training workouts to be 45-60 minutes in duration, as this is sufficient for effective training, especially for new lifters who can progress weekly.

21. Exercise Boosts Glucose Uptake

Engage in regular exercise to increase the density of GLUT4 receptors on muscle cells, enabling insulin-independent glucose uptake from the bloodstream and improving insulin sensitivity.

22. Exercise Releases Myokines

Exercise to stimulate the release of myokines (e.g., interleukin 6, capsepsin B, irisin) from contracting muscles, which improve glucose utilization, affect lipolysis, and stimulate BDNF release in the brain, enhancing neurogenesis and consolidating neural connections.

23. Post-Workout Protein for At-Risk

If you are older, have a chronic condition, or consume a lower protein diet, consider consuming a protein shake (for quicker absorption) or a high-quality protein meal within an hour of resistance training to leverage the synergistic effect on muscle protein synthesis.

24. Incorporate HIIT for VO2 Max

Incorporate high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to significantly improve VO2 max and insulin sensitivity in less time, potentially offering a safer alternative to prolonged steady-state cardio, especially as one ages.

25. Supplement Creatine Monohydrate

Supplement with 5-10 grams of creatine monohydrate daily for benefits in muscle strength and brain health, especially for women (post-menopausal) and older populations, as dietary intake alone is often insufficient.

26. Supplement Urolithin A

Consider supplementing with 500-1000 mg of Urolithin A daily, a post-biotic that improves mitophagy (mitochondrial health and turnover) and has been shown in human trials to increase strength and endurance.

27. Use Whey Protein

Use whey protein (isolate for lactose sensitivity) as a convenient and beneficial supplement to meet essential amino acid needs, especially when traveling, due to its high quality and immune-boosting immunoglobulins.

28. Supplement Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Supplement with Omega-3 fatty acids (e.g., 2-4 grams daily, up to 10g based on blood work) for brain function and a unique anabolic effect on muscle, but be mindful of potential blood thinning at higher doses.

29. Supplement Collagen

Supplement with collagen (e.g., 15-25 grams daily, possibly in coffee) for potential benefits to skin, hair, and nails, recognizing it has a protein score of zero for muscle protein synthesis but is rich in specific amino acids beneficial for connective tissues.

30. Supplement Magnesium

Consider magnesium supplementation (e.g., magnesium glycinate for muscle/brain, citrate for GI health) due to widespread dietary deficiency, as it is beneficial for both muscle and brain function.

31. Avoid Excessive NSAID Use

Limit the use of NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen) at higher doses, as they can negatively impact muscle hypertrophy and strength, and are detrimental to gastric lining, affecting nutrient absorption.

32. Caution with Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics

Exercise caution and be mindful of physical activity levels if prescribed fluoroquinolone antibiotics (e.g., Cipro), as they can negatively affect collagen and tendon turnover, increasing the risk of injuries like Achilles tendon ruptures.

33. Caution with Proton Pump Inhibitors

Be aware that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) used for stomach acid or reflux can impair the absorption of essential vitamins and minerals, potentially leading to long-term health issues.

34. GLP-1 Agonists with Support

If using GLP-1 agonists (e.g., Ozempic, Monjaro) for weight loss, ensure concurrent implementation of a proper nutrition plan and resistance training under the guidance of a healthcare provider to mitigate muscle mass loss and achieve safe, effective results.

35. Understand Muscle’s Glucose Role

Recognize muscle’s critical role in glucose disposal (80%), as metabolic diseases like cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity often originate in skeletal muscle decades prior.

36. Understand Muscle as Amino Reservoir

Understand that skeletal muscle serves as an amino acid reservoir, from which the body draws essential building blocks, a process that changes with age.

37. Insight 37

Consider Huberman’s book ‘Protocols’ for science-based tools and protocols to improve sleep, motivation, focus, nutrition, exercise, stress control, oral/gut microbiome health, and creativity.