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How to Build, Maintain & Repair Gut Health | Dr. Justin Sonnenburg

Episode 62 Mar 7, 2022 2h 10m 17 insights
My guest this episode is Dr. Justin Sonnenburg, Professor of Microbiology & Immunology at Stanford University. Dr. Sonnenburg’s research focuses on how microbes in our gut impact our mental and physical health and how diet and your environment shape your gut microbiome. We discuss the architecture of the gut microbiome and microbiota variability in different regions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and how these can change in response to diet, environment or genetics. We explore the early establishment of your microbiome and how your mode of delivery into the world (C-section or not) shapes your gut. We also discuss lifestyle factors that can alter your microbiome and the integral role the gut microbiome plays in communicating to other organs, including your brain. Dr. Sonnenburg details his recent clinical study, which found that diets rich in fermented foods (but not fiber) increase microbiota diversity and reduce signals of inflammation. Additionally, we examine how foods typical in Western Diets (e.g., high fat, low fiber, processed foods) can negatively impact the gut microbiome. Throughout the episode, we discuss actionable tools from peer-reviewed clinical findings that anyone can implement, regardless of budget, in order to optimize their gut microbiome and health. For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.
Actionable Insights

1. Prioritize Plant-Based Fiber

Eat a high-fiber, plant-based diet, as this is widely accepted as healthy and can fill you up, reducing desire for unhealthy foods. This approach provides essential nutrients for your gut microbiome.

2. Avoid Processed Foods

Categorically avoid processed foods, as they contain components like artificial sweeteners and emulsifiers that are detrimental to the gut microbiome and overall health. Prioritizing whole plant-based foods naturally reduces processed food intake.

3. Increase Fermented Food Intake

Consume a high amount of fermented foods containing live microbes (e.g., non-sweetened yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, kimchi from the refrigerated section) to increase gut microbiota diversity and reduce inflammatory markers. Aim for six or more servings per day.

4. Consume Complex Carbohydrates

Focus on microbiota accessible carbohydrates (MACs), which are complex carbohydrates like dietary fiber that your body cannot digest but fuel your gut microbes. These lead to beneficial short-chain fatty acid production, unlike simple sugars.

5. Avoid Sugary Fermented Foods

Choose non-sweetened fermented foods like plain yogurt and avoid products with added sugars, as manufacturers often add sugar to mask the sour taste, negating potential health benefits.

6. Avoid Artificial Sweeteners & Emulsifiers

Steer clear of artificial sweeteners and emulsifiers found in processed foods, as they can negatively impact the gut microbiome, disrupt the mucus layer, and contribute to metabolic syndrome and inflammation.

7. Gradually Acclimate to New Foods

Introduce high-fiber and fermented foods gradually to your diet, allowing your microbiome to reconfigure and mitigating digestive discomfort like bloating. Increase intake at your own pace.

8. Make Your Own Fermented Foods

Consider making your own fermented foods like sauerkraut or kombucha at home to ensure live microbes and avoid high costs, following proper protocols to prevent undesirable bacterial growth.

9. Retrain Your Palate

Gradually reduce your consumption of sweet foods over time to retrain your palate, making overly sweet items unpalatable and supporting healthier dietary habits.

10. Prefer Diverse Whole Fiber

Opt for a broad variety of whole plants to obtain diverse dietary fiber rather than relying on purified prebiotic supplements. Purified fibers can sometimes reduce overall microbiota diversity and may have unexpected negative metabolic effects.

11. Avoid Microbiome Cleanses

Do not undertake gut cleanses or flushes without informed guidance, as they indiscriminately remove the existing microbial community, leaving its reconstitution to chance and potentially leading to an unhealthy state.

12. Contextual Hand Hygiene

Practice hand washing contextually; while important for preventing germ spread, excessive sanitization of the environment may limit beneficial microbial exposure, which is important for immune system education.

13. Exercise Caution with Probiotics

Be wary of probiotic supplements due to market unregulated status and potential for mislabeling; if considering them, seek independently validated products and look for studies supporting their efficacy for specific conditions.

14. Ensure Adequate Hydration & Electrolytes

Maintain optimal brain and body function by ensuring adequate hydration and electrolyte intake (sodium, magnesium, potassium), especially by consuming an electrolyte drink first thing in the morning and during exercise.

15. Supplement with Vitamin D3 & K2

Supplement with Vitamin D3 and K2, as D3 is essential for brain and body health (many are deficient), and K2 is important for cardiovascular function and calcium regulation.

16. Use Waking Up App for Meditation/NSDR

Utilize the Waking Up app for meditation, mindfulness training, yoga nidra, or non-sleep deep rest (NSDR) protocols to restore cognitive and physical energy, even with short sessions.

17. Use Athletic Greens for Core Nutrition

Consider taking Athletic Greens once or twice daily to cover basic nutritional needs, address potential deficiencies, and provide probiotics vital for microbiome health.