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How Sugar & Processed Foods Impact Your Health | Dr. Robert Lustig

Episode 155 Dec 18, 2023 3h 24m 20 insights
In this episode, my guest is Dr. Robert Lustig, M.D., neuroendocrinologist, professor of pediatrics at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), and a bestselling author on nutrition and metabolic health. We address the “calories in- calories out” (CICO) model of metabolism and weight regulation and how specific macronutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrates), fiber and sugar can modify the CICO equation. We cover how different types of sugars, specifically fructose, sugars found in liquid form, taste intensity, and other factors impact insulin levels, liver, kidney, and metabolic health. We also explore how fructose in non-fruit sources can be addictive (acting similarly to drugs of abuse) and how sugar alters brain circuits related to food cravings and satisfaction. We discuss the role of sugar in childhood and adult obesity, gut health and disease and mental health. We also discuss how the food industry uses refined sugars to create pseudo foods and what these do to the brain and body. This episode is replete with actionable information about sugar and metabolism, weight control, brain health and body composition. It ought to be of interest to anyone seeking to understand how specific food choices impact the immediate and long-term health of the brain and body. For show notes, including referenced articles and additional resources, please visit hubermanlab.com. Use Ask Huberman Lab, our new AI-powered platform, for a summary, clips, and insights from this episode.
Actionable Insights

1. Eliminate Added Sugar Intake

Prioritize eliminating added sugars (sucrose and high fructose corn syrup) from your diet, as they are metabolically indistinguishable, drive insulin responses, and lead to fat generation in the liver. Check labels for “added sugars” and avoid products with more than 4 grams (one teaspoon) per serving.

2. Avoid Ultra-Processed Foods (NOVA 4)

Strictly limit consumption of ultra-processed foods (NOVA Class 4), which are associated with chronic metabolic diseases and often contain more than four ingredients or require a nutrition facts label. Aim for less than 7-10% of daily caloric intake from these items.

3. Prioritize Fiber-Rich Whole Foods

Consume foods rich in both soluble and insoluble fiber (e.g., almonds, berries) to feed your gut microbiome, which produces protective short-chain fatty acids, reduces inflammation, and mitigates the absorption of certain calories and fructose. Aim for NOVA Class 1-3 foods.

4. Reduce Fructose Consumption

Minimize or eliminate fructose consumption, especially from sources without fiber (e.g., soda, processed foods), as fructose inhibits mitochondrial function, drives leaky gut, causes inflammation, and is a primary driver of metabolic disease. Fruit in whole form is generally okay due to fiber content.

5. Choose Quality Meats & Eggs

Opt for grass-fed or pasture-raised meats and orange-yolk eggs, as corn-fed animals contain branched-chain amino acids that can lead to fat deposition and insulin resistance, and conventionally raised animals may contain antibiotics that harm gut health.

6. Limit Non-Caloric Sweeteners

Be cautious with non-caloric sweeteners (e.g., in diet sodas), as they can still trigger an insulin response, leading to increased hunger and potential weight gain, even if they contain zero calories.

7. Engage in Regular Walking

Incorporate regular physical activity, such as walking, into your routine. Being active helps muscles take up glucose, reducing blood glucose spikes and subsequent insulin release, which is beneficial for metabolic health.

8. Improve Sleep for Cortisol Control

Prioritize good sleep to prevent chronic sleep deprivation, which can lead to increased cortisol levels and subsequent chronic inflammation.

9. Reduce Systemic Inflammation

Actively work to reduce systemic inflammation by limiting fructose intake, reducing oxidative stress (e.g., from heavy metals like cadmium), and ensuring proper gut function through fiber consumption.

10. Ensure Proper Hydration & Electrolytes

Use an electrolyte drink (like Element) with sodium, magnesium, and potassium in correct ratios and no sugar, especially upon waking and during physical exercise, to ensure proper hydration and electrolyte balance for optimal brain and body function.

11. Practice Meditation or NSDR

Practice meditation, Yoga Nidra, or Non-Sleep Deep Rest (NSDR) sessions, even for short durations like 10 minutes, to restore cognitive and physical energy and place the brain and body into different beneficial states.

12. Consider Intermittent Fasting

Consider practicing intermittent fasting, especially if you have liver fat, as it provides your liver a chance to offload stored fat, contributing to improved metabolic health.

13. Supplement Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Supplement with omega-3 fatty acids, ideally from marine sources like fish oil, aiming for about 1 gram of EPA per day, as they are heart-healthy, anti-inflammatory, and important for brain function.

14. Supplement Vitamin D (with caveat)

While Vitamin D supplementation (e.g., 5,000 units daily) is common, address underlying inflammation first, as systemic inflammation can prevent the body from effectively utilizing Vitamin D, rendering supplementation ineffective.

15. Avoid Emulsifiers in Food

Be aware of and avoid emulsifiers in ultra-processed foods, as these act like detergents, burning holes in the gut’s mucin layer and contributing to gut inflammation.

16. Use Perfect.co for Food Choices

Utilize the web-based tool Perfect (perfect.co) to identify and choose foods based on their metabolic effect, specifically filtering out NOVA Class 4 ultra-processed foods and guiding you towards healthier options in the grocery store.

17. Support “Eat Real” Initiative

Support initiatives like “Eat Real” (EatReal.org) that advocate for and implement business models to provide freshly made, healthy meals in public schools, replacing ultra-processed foods and improving children’s health.

18. Advocate for Public Health Policy

Advocate for the removal of junk food from hospitals and other public venues, as these institutions should model health-promoting environments and contribute to a broader public health shift.

19. Explore Biolumen Fiber Supplement

Explore fiber supplements like Biolumen (Munch Munch), a microcellulose sponge that expands in the stomach to promote fullness and sequester sugars and starches, reducing their absorption and supporting gut health.

20. Supplement Vitamin C (for rosacea)

Consider supplementing with Vitamin C, such as 1,000 milligrams daily, if you have specific conditions like rosacea, as it may help with certain skin issues.