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How Nature & Other Physical Environments Impact Your Focus, Cognition & Health | Dr. Marc Berman

Episode 237 Jul 14, 2025 2h 12m 23 insights
My guest is Dr. Marc Berman, PhD, a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago whose research explores how different physical environments—particularly nature and patterns found in nature—can positively impact our ability to focus, our cognitive performance and our mental and physical health. We discuss how our physical environment influences our attention, stress levels and brain and heart health. He explains how even brief periods in nature and exposure to natural images and sounds can restore and improve attentional capacity, reduce mental fatigue and help combat rumination and depression. Whether you live in a city, suburb or rural area, this episode offers simple science-backed strategies for incorporating nature and natural elements into your daily life to positively transform your cognitive ability and mental and physical health. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com.
Actionable Insights

1. Prioritize Solitary Nature Walks

Engage with nature alone for at least 20 minutes to maximize restorative benefits for directed attention, as social interaction or distractions like phones can deplete cognitive resources.

2. Take Nature Breaks for Focus

When struggling to concentrate at any time of day, take a break by walking in nature or interacting with natural elements instead of powering through or using social media, as this recharges directed attention.

3. Designate a Deep Work Zone

Create a dedicated physical space for “deep work” where distractions like phones are strictly prohibited, establishing it as a policy to enhance focus and productivity.

4. Avoid Distractions During Nature Exposure

Maximize the benefits of nature interaction by leaving your cell phone behind and refraining from using earbuds, allowing your involuntary attention to be fully captured by the natural environment.

5. Seek Softly Fascinating Environments

Choose natural settings that offer “softly fascinating” stimulation (e.g., fractal patterns, curved edges) and place low demands on directed attention to effectively restore cognitive resources.

6. Accumulate 2 Hours Nature Weekly

Strive for a total of approximately two hours of nature exposure per week to support overall well-being and cognitive health, even if broken into shorter segments.

7. Use Nature Walks as Prep

Engage in a walk in nature before starting focused work to better prepare your nervous system and improve your ability to direct attention, acting as a preparatory warm-up.

8. Differentiate Restorative vs. Depleting

Consciously evaluate passive activities to determine if they are truly restorative (like nature exposure) or passively depleting (like endless social media scrolling), and prioritize the former to protect cognitive resources.

9. Minimize Chronic Passive Depletion

Actively reduce engagement in chronically passive and depleting activities (e.g., excessive social media) to prevent long-term negative impacts on directed attention and cognitive function.

10. Isolate Social Media to Device

To control social media use and prevent constant distraction, keep social media accounts on a separate, older phone that is not your primary device.

11. Gaze at Nature Views Indoors

If direct outdoor access is limited, look out a window at nature or at pictures/videos of nature for about 10 minutes, as this can still provide beneficial effects on attention and working memory.

12. Listen to Nature Sounds for Focus

Play nature sounds to improve working memory performance and directed attention, especially when direct access to nature is not possible.

13. Introduce Curved Edges to Environments

Design or choose environments with more curved edges, as this structural element can causally trigger thoughts related to spirituality and life journey.

14. Incorporate Indoor Plants

Place indoor plants (real or fake) in your living and work spaces to gain attention benefits, improve subjective well-being, and potentially reduce feelings of pain.

15. Encourage Children’s Free Play in Nature

Promote more unstructured free play for children in natural environments to support their cognitive development and well-being, restricting social media access.

16. Integrate Nature Breaks in Schedules

Advocate for and implement regular nature breaks within school and work schedules, as this can lead to improved performance and learning efficiency.

17. Maximize Green Spaces in Cities

Actively seek to increase the amount of nature and green spaces within cities to improve the psychological and physical health of urban dwellers.

18. Seek ‘Being Away’ Sense

To maximize restoration, physically remove yourself from your work environment (e.g., your desk) even when engaging with simulated nature, to create a “sense of being away” and a change of mindset.

19. Restrict Visual Field for Focus

Use tools like a baseball cap or hoodie to restrict your visual world when trying to focus, as this can help reduce peripheral involuntary attention.

20. Engage with Semantically Simple Environments

Prioritize environments that are semantically simple (easy to label, less complex vocabulary needed) like nature scenes, as this reduces the cognitive load on your brain.

21. Walk with a Well-Behaved Dog

Consider taking a well-behaved dog on your solitary nature walks, as they do not require conversation and can still allow for restorative attention.

22. Recognize Nature’s Necessity

Shift mindset to view nature exposure as a necessity for human potential and well-being, rather than merely an amenity.

23. Incorporate Natural Elements in Design

Integrate natural elements and biophilic design principles into architectural and interior design to enhance psychological well-being and cognitive function in built spaces.