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GUEST SERIES | Dr. Matt Walker: Using Sleep to Improve Learning, Creativity & Memory

Apr 24, 2024 2h 28m 17 insights
This is episode 4 of a 6-part special series on sleep with Dr. Matthew Walker, Ph.D., a professor of neuroscience and psychology at the University of California, Berkeley, and author of the best-selling book "Why We Sleep." In this episode, we discuss the relationship between sleep, learning and creativity.  We explain why and how sleep before and after a learning bout can improve memory and performance for both cognitive tasks and physical skills. We also discuss how to use time learning and sleep, how to use naps, non-sleep deep rest states, and caffeine to optimize learning, and the mechanisms for sleep and memory consolidation.  We also explain the critical role that sleep plays in creativity and one's ability to discover novel solutions to challenges and problems.  This episode is filled with actionable information on using sleep to enhance skill learning and improve memory and creativity.  The next episode in this guest series explains how sleep benefits emotional regulation and mental health.  For show notes, including referenced articles and additional resources, please visit hubermanlab.com.
Actionable Insights

1. Prioritize Pre-Learning Sleep

Get adequate sleep before learning new material to optimize your brain’s capacity to initially imprint and lay down new memory traces, as sleep deprivation can lead to a 20-40% deficit in memory formation.

2. Consolidate Memories Post-Learning

Sleep after learning is crucial for strengthening new memories, acting like a “save button” to prevent forgetting and future-proof information in your brain.

3. Leverage Sleep for Creativity

Utilize sleep to foster creative insights by allowing your brain to interconnect new memories with existing knowledge, leading to a revised understanding and novel solutions.

4. Sleep for Motor Skill Perfection

For motor skill learning (e.g., sports, musical instruments), ensure you get sleep after practice, as sleep is essential for enhancing performance speed and accuracy, even without further practice.

5. Enhance Performance, Prevent Injury with Sleep

Prioritize sufficient sleep to enhance athletic performance, including peak muscle performance, vertical jump height, and time to exhaustion, while also significantly reducing injury risk.

6. Sleep to Retain Muscle, Lose Fat

When dieting for weight loss, ensure sufficient sleep, as sleep deprivation can cause you to lose lean muscle mass instead of fat, making weight management less effective.

7. Avoid All-Nighters for Learning

Avoid pulling all-nighters before learning, as sleep deprivation can significantly reduce your brain’s capacity to form new memories, with deficits ranging from 20% to 40%.

8. Sleep for Long-Term Retention

To ensure long-term retention of learned material, prioritize sleep rather than cramming, as cramming without sufficient sleep leads to rapid forgetting over time.

9. Nap to Restore Learning Capacity

Take a 90-minute nap after initial learning to restore and even boost your brain’s capacity to learn new information, potentially improving learning by about 20%.

10. Time Learning to Circadian Peak

If underslept, schedule important learning or performance tasks during your natural circadian peak of alertness (e.g., late morning for early chronotypes, midday for late chronotypes) to help offset sleep deficits.

11. Preserve Morning Sleep for Motor Skills

Avoid cutting short the last quarter of your sleep, especially in the morning, as this period is rich in Stage 2 non-REM sleep and crucial for consolidating motor skills and enhancing physical performance.

12. Exercise to Boost Sleep Quality

Engage in physical activity during the day to improve the quality of your sleep, particularly increasing deep sleep at night.

13. Sleep on Problems for Solutions

Actively “sleep on a problem” to leverage sleep’s ability to cross-link new information with existing knowledge, fostering non-obvious associations and creative insights.

14. Delay Phone Use Upon Waking

Upon waking, avoid immediately checking your phone for at least 30 minutes to allow creative insights and reorganized information from sleep to percolate into your conscious mind, rather than being eclipsed by external stimuli.

15. Edison’s Creative Napping Protocol

To capture creative insights, emulate Thomas Edison’s napping protocol: hold an object (e.g., steel ball bearings) over a surface that will make noise when dropped (e.g., metal saucepan), allowing you to drift into a liminal sleep state and wake up to record emerging ideas.

16. Manage Evening Alertness Blip

Be aware of a natural, transient increase in alertness that can occur in the evening before bedtime; recognize it will pass and continue with wind-down protocols to facilitate sleep.

17. Motor Learning: 16-Hour Window

Motor memories can be held for about 16 hours before sleep consolidates them; therefore, you don’t need to learn immediately before bed for sleep to enhance the skill.