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GUEST SERIES | Dr. Matt Walker: The Science of Dreams, Nightmares & Lucid Dreaming

May 8, 2024 2h 33m 33 insights
This is episode 6 of a 6-part special series on sleep with Dr. Matthew Walker, Ph.D., a professor of neuroscience and psychology at the University of California, Berkeley and a leading public educator on sleep for mental and physical health, learning and human performance. In this episode, we discuss dreaming, including the biological mechanism of dreams, what dreams mean and their role in daytime life.  We explore how dreams can enhance our creativity and emotional well-being and help us resolve various challenges and dilemmas. We discuss how to remember and interpret your dreams and the abstractions/symbols frequently present in dreams. We also discuss nightmares and therapies to treat reoccurring nightmares. We explain what lucid dreaming is and if there are benefits or drawbacks to this type of dreaming. Dr. Walker also answers frequently asked audience questions and discusses snoring, body position, sleep supplements, sleep challenges due to aging, menopause, stopping racing thoughts, and how to fall back asleep if you wake in the middle of the night.  For show notes, including referenced articles and additional resources, please visit hubermanlab.com.
Actionable Insights

1. Prioritize Sleep Regularity

The single most important tip for better sleep is regularity; maintain a consistent sleep schedule, including on weekends, as this foundational practice allows many other aspects of sleep to naturally improve.

2. Synchronize Sleep with Chronotype

Align your sleep timing with your natural chronotype (whether you’re a morning lark or night owl) and maintain regularity on weekdays and weekends to significantly improve sleep quality.

3. Short-Circuit Pre-Sleep Rumination

To manage rumination and negative thoughts before sleep, engage in activities that get your mind off itself, such as meditation, breathing techniques, listening to sleep stories, body scans, or taking a detailed mental walk.

4. Embrace Rest, Don’t Force Sleep

If you wake up in the middle of the night and struggle to fall back asleep, stop trying too hard; instead, embrace the concept of rest by simply lying in bed and enjoying the quiet, which can often lead to sleep returning naturally.

5. Avoid Accumulating Sleep Debt

Understand that you cannot truly pay back sleep debt retroactively; if you miss sleep, you lose the chance for certain benefits like memory consolidation, and chronic short sleep accumulates like compounding interest on your health.

6. Pre-Emptively Bank Sleep

If you anticipate periods of sleep loss (e.g., night shifts), try to sleep longer in the days prior to build up “sleep credit,” which can lessen the negative impact of the subsequent sleep debt.

7. Check for Snoring with SnoreLab

Download the SnoreLab app to record and assess your breathing during sleep; if it confirms snoring, especially moderate to epic, consult your doctor as it may indicate undiagnosed sleep apnea.

8. Avoid Back Sleeping if Snoring

Avoid sleeping on your back, especially if you snore, as it significantly increases the likelihood of snoring, airway collapse, and hypoxic events; side or front sleeping is generally preferred.

9. Reduce Alcohol to Lessen Snoring

Be aware that alcohol intake can significantly increase snoring, so reducing or avoiding alcohol, especially before bed, may help mitigate snoring.

10. Remove Clocks from Bedroom

If you consistently wake up at the same time, remove all clock faces from your sight in the bedroom to prevent reinforcing the habit and teaching your brain to wake at that specific time.

11. Dream for Creative Solutions

To gain creative insights and solutions, ensure you are not only sleeping and dreaming, but specifically dreaming about the problems or challenges you are trying to solve in your waking life.

12. Dream for Emotional Resolution

To achieve emotional resolution and mental wellness, allow yourself to dream about specific difficult or problematic emotional experiences, as this process can act as a form of overnight therapy.

13. Self-Interpret Your Dreams

Engage in journaling, deliberation, or cogitation of your dreams, as they offer a window into essential waking life concerns and can provide personal insight, though a therapist can also guide this.

14. Practice Image Rehearsal Therapy

To treat recurring nightmares, work with a therapist to describe your nightmare, write down its narrative, and then collaboratively create and rehearse a more neutral or positive alternate ending.

15. Enhance IRT with TMR

To significantly improve Image Rehearsal Therapy for nightmares, pair the rehearsal of the alternate ending with a specific sound (e.g., a pleasant piano chord) and then replay that sound at a sub-awakening threshold during REM sleep.

16. Extinguish Fear Memories During Sleep

To extinguish fear memories, initiate a deconditioning protocol during wakefulness and then continue it during sleep, as sleep can be as or more effective than wakefulness for this process.

17. Remember Dreams by Staying Still

To remember your dreams, remain still with your eyes closed upon waking and mentally rehearse the dream repeatedly before moving or opening your eyes, to help solidify the memory.

18. Disrupt Nightmares by Moving

If you wake up from a nightmare feeling anxious or disturbed, get up and move your body, and consider turning on some lights, to help shake off the negative affect and fall back asleep.

19. Adjust Bedtime for Early Waking

If you’re an older adult consistently waking up too early and unable to fall back asleep, try delaying your bedtime by an hour or more to build up sleep pressure, which can help you sleep longer into the morning.

20. Consider CBTI for Older Adults

Older adults struggling with sleep should consider Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBTI) with a board-certified sleep medicine clinician, as it is an effective treatment to help stay asleep.

21. Discuss Sleep Medications with Doctor

Older adults experiencing sleep issues can discuss medications like low-dose Doxepin (3-6mg) or DORAs (dual orexin receptor antagonists) with their physician, as these have shown promise for maintaining sleep.

22. Use Cooling Mattress for Menopause

For menopausal women experiencing hot flashes (vasomotor symptoms) that disrupt sleep, consider using a cooling mattress to help regulate body temperature and improve sleep quality.

23. Consider BHRT for Menopause Sleep

Women experiencing sleep disruption due to menopause may consider discussing bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT) with their doctor, as it can help control symptoms and normalize reproductive hormones that promote sleep.

24. Practice MILD for Lucid Dreaming

To induce lucid dreaming, consistently rehearse before bed the intention to remember your dreams and instigate control within them.

25. Practice Reality Testing for Dreams

To induce lucid dreaming, regularly perform reality checks during the day (e.g., flipping a light switch, pushing hand into a solid object) so that you eventually do it in a dream, recognizing the illogical outcome as a cue for lucidity.

26. Consult Doctor & Prioritize Behavior

Before taking any supplements for sleep, always consult your doctor and ensure you are first diligently practicing all recommended behavioral sleep hygiene protocols, as these are far more impactful.

27. Consider Specific Sleep Supplements

After optimizing sleep behaviors and consulting a doctor, consider supplements like magnesium threonate/bisglycinate, apigenin, theanine (with caution for vivid dreams), inositol (900mg), glycine (1.5-2g), or phosphatidylserine to support sleep.

28. Engage in Regular Therapy

Consider doing regular therapy with a quality therapist, as it is one of the best things for mental health and can be as beneficial as regular physical exercise.

29. Supplement Electrolytes with Water

If you eat clean, exercise, and drink a lot of water, consider dissolving an Element electrolyte packet in 16-32 ounces of water upon waking, during exercise, or if you’re sweating heavily, to ensure proper cellular function.

30. Customize Your Mattress Needs

To find an optimal mattress, take the brief two-minute sleep quiz at helixsleep.com/Huberman, which matches you to a customized mattress based on your sleep position and temperature preferences.

31. Try BetterHelp Online Therapy

To try BetterHelp, visit betterhelp.com/Huberman for 10% off your first month of professional online therapy.

32. Claim Free Element Sample Pack

To try Element, visit drinkelement.com/Huberman to claim a free sample pack with your purchase.

33. Get Helix Sleep Discount

For May 2024, visit helixsleep.com/Huberman to get up to 30% off all mattresses and two free pillows.