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GUEST SERIES | Dr. Matt Walker: The Biology of Sleep & Your Unique Sleep Needs

Apr 3, 2024 2h 59m 16 insights
In this episode 1 of a 6-part special series on sleep with Dr. Matthew Walker, Ph.D., professor of neuroscience and psychology and founder of the Center for Human Sleep Science at the University of California, Berkeley, and the author of the book “Why We Sleep” discusses the essential role that sleep plays in our health. We cover how sleep affects our hormones, immune system, learning and memory, mood, appetite, and weight regulation. We also discuss what causes the urge to sleep, how sleep is structured throughout the night, and the biology of the different phases of sleep. We also teach you how to determine your individualized sleep needs, including your chronotype (best waking and to-bed time), tips for combat snoring and insomnia, and your QQRT (Quality, Quantity, Regularity, and Timing)—a key framework for optimizing your sleep and therefore daytime energy and focus, and overall health. The next episode in this special series explores how to improve one’s sleep. For show notes, including referenced articles and additional resources, please visit hubermanlab.com.
Actionable Insights

1. Optimize Sleep with QQRT Formula

Understand and apply the QQRT formula (Quality, Quantity, Regularity, Timing) to identify and achieve your optimal sleep, leading to improved focus and alertness throughout your days.

2. Maintain Consistent Sleep Schedule

Maintain a consistent sleep schedule by going to bed and waking up at the same time each day, with a wiggle room of plus or minus 30 minutes, as this significantly reduces mortality risk. Consider using both a ’to-bed’ and ’to-wake’ alarm clock.

3. Align Sleep with Your Chronotype

Identify your natural chronotype (morning, evening, or neutral type) using the MEQ questionnaire and align your sleep opportunity window with it, as sleeping out of synchrony can negatively impact sleep quality and overall well-being.

4. Aim for 7-9 Hours Sleep

Strive for 7 to 9 hours of sleep per night, as this is the recommended quantity for the average adult, and many people would benefit from an additional 90 minutes compared to their current average.

5. Improve Sleep Continuity & Efficiency

Focus on improving sleep quality by ensuring continuity (fewer awakenings) and aiming for a sleep efficiency of 85% or above, calculated as the percentage of time spent asleep while in bed.

6. Exit Bed if Awake Over 25 Minutes

If you wake up in the middle of the night and cannot fall back asleep within approximately 25 minutes, get out of bed to avoid associating your bed with wakefulness; go to another room, read or listen to a podcast, and return to bed only when sleepy.

7. Avoid Evening Stress Triggers

Avoid stressful events, arguments, or disturbing news in the late evening and early night hours, as these can spike cortisol and significantly impede your sleep structure, potentially leading to a ’tired but wired’ state.

8. Control Sleep Environment Temperature

Adjust your sleeping environment’s temperature to allow your body temperature to drop by 1-3 degrees to fall and stay deeply asleep, and then heat up by 1-3 degrees to wake up refreshed.

9. Sleep Before and After Learning

Prioritize sleep both before and after learning new information to effectively acquire, imprint, consolidate, and cross-link memories, enhancing retention and creative problem-solving.

10. Prioritize Sleep for Appetite Control

Prioritize sufficient sleep to regulate appetite-controlling hormones (leptin and ghrelin) and endocannabinoids, which helps control hunger, increase satiety, and promote healthier food choices.

11. Use Sleep for Emotional Reboot

Leverage sufficient sleep to reboot your emotional and mood states, as it acts as an emotional balm, soothing jagged edges and allowing you to wake up with improved emotional regulation.

12. Avoid Back Sleeping for Snoring/Apnea

If you snore or have sleep apnea, try to avoid sleeping on your back, as gravity can pull the airway down and close it; training methods like placing a tennis ball in a back pocket of a tight t-shirt can help.

13. Ensure Proper Electrolyte Levels

If you eat clean, exercise, and drink a lot of water, consider ingesting more electrolytes (magnesium, potassium, sodium) with your liquids to ensure proper cell function, especially upon waking and during/after exercise.

14. Prioritize Total Sleep Duration

Do not artificially terminate sleep based on claims of a ‘magic 90-minute cycle’ for waking up more alert; prioritize getting as much total sleep as possible instead.

15. Assess Sleep Sufficiency Daily

Evaluate your sleep sufficiency by asking if you would sleep past your alarm, if you experience daytime lapses in attention (microsleeps), if you need caffeine before 11 AM for alertness, and if you feel refreshed and alert by late morning.

16. Engage in Regular Therapy

Consider engaging in regular therapy with a quality, licensed therapist, as it is highlighted as one of the best things for mental health, comparable to regular physical exercise.