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GUEST SERIES | Dr. Matt Walker: How to Structure Your Sleep, Use Naps & Time Caffeine

Apr 17, 2024 2h 18m 15 insights
This is episode 3 of a 6-part special series on sleep with Dr. Matthew Walker, Ph.D., a professor of neuroscience and psychology at the University of California, Berkeley, and leading public educator about the role of sleep in health, disease and performance.  We explain how our sleep architecture changes as we age. We also cover how childhood development and aging affect sleep biology and needs. We also discuss whether polyphasic sleep (multiple short sleep periods) is beneficial.  Then, we discuss naps, including their positive benefits, individual variability, those who should not nap, and alternative rest states like non-sleep deep rest. Dr. Walker shares protocols to optimize nap duration, timing and effectiveness. We also explore the effects of caffeine on sleep and other health aspects, as well as the optimal timing for caffeine intake. This episode describes many actionable science-based tools for optimizing sleep, naps and caffeine use for better health and performance. The next episode in this special series explores the relationship between sleep, memory, and creativity. For show notes, including referenced articles and additional resources, please visit hubermanlab.com.
Actionable Insights

1. Engage in Regular Therapy

Engage in regular therapy with a quality, licensed therapist, as it is considered one of the best things for mental health, potentially as beneficial as physical exercise. BetterHelp can assist in finding a suitable therapist.

2. Optimize Electrolyte Intake

Consume 16-32 ounces of water with an Element electrolyte packet upon waking, and again during exercise, especially if sweating heavily or consuming less salt in food. This ensures proper hydration and nerve cell function without added sugar.

3. Practice Daily Meditation or NSDR

Engage in short daily meditations or Non-Sleep Deep Rest (NSDR) protocols like Yoga Nidra to improve mood, reduce anxiety, enhance focus, and boost memory. NSDR can increase dopamine levels by up to 60%, preparing the brain for mental and physical work.

4. Avoid Napping with Insomnia

If you struggle with insomnia, avoid napping during the day. Naps release sleep pressure (adenosine) that needs to build up to help you fall and stay asleep at night, making nighttime sleep even more challenging.

5. Time Caffeine Intake Strategically

Consider delaying caffeine intake by 90-120 minutes after waking to avoid masking natural adenosine clearance and allowing for a subjective assessment of sleep quality. This may also reduce the likelihood of an afternoon caffeine crash.

6. Limit Daily Caffeine Consumption

Aim to not exceed three to four cups of coffee per day, as higher doses can negate the health benefits primarily derived from coffee’s antioxidants. Be mindful of your individual caffeine sensitivity, which is genetically determined.

7. Cease Caffeine Intake Before Bed

Stop consuming caffeine 10-12 hours before your intended bedtime if you are of average sensitivity, 12-14 hours if very sensitive, or 8 hours if less sensitive. Caffeine can reduce deep sleep by up to 20%, even if you feel you fall and stay asleep easily.

8. Utilize 20-Minute Power Naps

For a quick reboot of alertness, concentration, and motivation without post-nap grogginess (sleep inertia), aim for a 20-minute nap. This duration provides benefits from non-REM sleep without entering deeper sleep stages.

9. Optimize Nap Timing

If you choose to nap, do so between 1 p.m. and 4 p.m., aligning with the natural postprandial dip in alertness, but generally not after 3 p.m. Napping too late can reduce nighttime sleep appetite and make sleep more fragmented.

10. Mimic Nighttime for Napping

To increase the likelihood of falling asleep during a nap, mimic nighttime conditions by blocking out light (curtains, eye mask) and noise (earplugs, sound machine). Lying down under a blanket also helps regulate body temperature and cues the body for sleep.

11. Try the Caffeine Nap (Nappuccino)

To combine the benefits of a nap with immediate alertness upon waking, drink an espresso shot just before a 20-minute nap. The caffeine will begin to take effect as you wake, helping to clear sleep inertia.

12. Enhance Post-Nap Alertness

For a ’nap plus plus’ experience, combine a caffeine nap with splashing cold water on your face and hands immediately upon waking, followed by 5-10 minutes of bright daylight exposure. This can further boost alertness and cognitive performance.

13. Engage in Post-Waking Activity

After waking from nightly sleep, get outside for daylight exposure and physical activity like walking. This can stimulate alertness and help override any residual sleepiness.

14. Avoid Polyphasic Sleep Schedules

As an adult, avoid polyphasic sleep schedules (e.g., Uberman, Everyman) as scientific evidence suggests they lead to significantly decreased total sleep, poor sleep quality, reduced REM sleep, and impairments in cognition, mood, and metabolic health.

15. Test New Protocols Systematically

When trying a new sleep or alertness protocol, use an ‘on-off-on’ experiment: implement the protocol, observe improvements, then revert to your original routine. If benefits disappear upon reversion, it provides stronger evidence for the protocol’s effectiveness.