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GUEST SERIES | Dr. Andy Galpin: How to Assess & Improve All Aspects of Your Fitness

Jan 18, 2023 2h 1m 28 insights
In this episode 1 of a 6-part special series, Andy Galpin, PhD, professor of kinesiology at California State University, Fullerton and world expert on exercise science, explains the 9 different types of exercise adaptations that can be used to transform the functional capacities and aesthetics of our body, and benefits each adaptation has for our health. He explains the best evidence-based protocols to optimize your progress in building strength, endurance, muscle growth, flexibility and for optimal recovery, and he provides zero-cost and low-cost tests to assess all aspects of your physical fitness. This episode provides a foundation and tools for establishing a comprehensive assessment of your current fitness level, allowing you to select the ideal fitness programs to implement toward your goals. Subsequent episodes 2-6 in this special series explain goal-directed protocols to reach those goals. For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.
Actionable Insights

1. Define Fitness Goals

Clearly define your exercise goals, whether they are aesthetic (how you want to look) or functional (how you want to perform), to effectively guide your training program and ensure long-term adherence.

2. Prioritize Long-Term Health

Integrate immediate fitness goals with the overarching desire for a long wellness span, aiming to maintain fitness throughout your life, which ensures a sustainable and holistic approach to health.

3. Focus on Core Concepts

Understand that ’the methods are many, but the concepts are few’ in exercise science; concentrate on the fundamental principles of training rather than getting lost in the myriad of specific exercise techniques.

4. Combine Strength & Endurance

For optimal overall health and functionality, ensure your training program includes a combination of broad strength training and broad endurance training, as focusing solely on one type of exercise can lead to deficits in other crucial health metrics.

5. Maintain Fast-Twitch Fibers

Engage in high-force activities to preserve fast-twitch muscle fibers, which are vital for strength, speed, and preventing falls as you age, as these fibers tend to reduce selectively without consistent stimulation.

6. Question Training Assumptions

Challenge common exercise beliefs, such as avoiding training a muscle group on consecutive days or the idea that cardio ruins gains, as many of these assumptions originate from bodybuilding and may not apply to all fitness goals.

7. Prioritize Movement Quality

When exercising, especially in high-intensity or group settings, prioritize correct movement quality and technique over simply achieving higher scores or faster times to prevent injury and ensure effective, sustainable progress.

8. Customize Training Protocols

Develop personalized training protocols by selecting specific methods from various disciplines (e.g., powerlifting for strength, weightlifting for power, CrossFit for well-roundedness) to achieve precise adaptations tailored to your unique goals.

9. Assess Movement Skill

Perform a self-assessment of fundamental movements (e.g., push-up, pull-up, squat, deadlift) by recording yourself and evaluating each major joint for symmetry, stability, awareness, and full range of motion to identify and correct potential injury risks.

10. Test Power with Broad Jump

Assess your power by performing a standing broad jump (no running start) and measuring the distance from your starting toe to your furthest heel; aim to jump at least your body height (adjusting 15% lower for females).

11. Test Power with Vertical Jump

Measure your vertical jump by marking your standing reach on a wall (two hands overhead), then jumping as high as possible (two-handed touch) and measuring the difference; aim for 24 inches or higher (20 inches for over 50, 15% lower for females).

12. Measure Grip Strength

Assess grip strength using a hand grip dynamometer; aim for a minimum of 40 kg (males) or 35 kg (females), ensuring no more than 10% variation between your dominant and non-dominant hands.

13. Perform a Dead Hang Test

Test your grip and upper body endurance by performing a dead hang from a pull-up bar for as long as possible; aim for a minimum of 30 seconds, ideally exceeding 60 seconds.

14. Assess Leg Strength

Evaluate your leg strength by performing a one-repetition maximum (1RM) leg extension; aim to lift your body weight (reducing by 10% per decade after age 40) as a benchmark for lower body strength.

15. Estimate 1RM Safely

If uncomfortable with a true 1RM, estimate your maximum strength by lifting a challenging load for 1-5 repetitions, then use an online 1RM calculator, ensuring accuracy by staying within the 1-5 rep range.

16. Test Core & Leg Stability

Assess core strength and lower body stability by holding a goblet squat with approximately half your body weight for 45 seconds, focusing on maintaining good form throughout the hold (introductory target: one-third body weight for 30 seconds).

17. Standardize Warmup Protocols

Always use a standardized warmup protocol before any maximum strength testing to ensure consistent and accurate results, which is crucial for tracking progress over time and preventing injury.

18. Calculate Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI)

Assess your muscle mass sufficiency by obtaining a body composition test (e.g., DEXA scan) and using your body weight, body fat percentage, and height to calculate your FFMI; aim for 20+ for men and 18+ for women (assuming reasonable leanness).

19. Test Plank Endurance

Evaluate your core muscular endurance by holding a front plank for 60 seconds and a side plank for 45 seconds, establishing a baseline for core stability.

20. Assess Push-up Endurance

Measure upper body muscular endurance by performing as many full-range-of-motion push-ups as possible without pausing; aim for over 25 for males and over 15 for females (if unable to do 1-3, focus on strength first).

21. Gauge Muscular Endurance with Reps

Determine muscular endurance by performing an exercise (e.g., leg extension) at 75% of your 1RM for as many repetitions as possible; aim for 8-12 repetitions, with fewer indicating a need for endurance improvement.

22. Measure Heart Rate Recovery

Assess anaerobic capacity by performing a maximal effort exercise for 30-60 seconds, then measure your heart rate recovery; aim for a drop of 30 bpm in 60 seconds, 60 bpm in 120 seconds, and 90 bpm in 180 seconds.

23. Estimate VO2 Max (Cooper’s Test)

Estimate your maximal aerobic capacity (VO2 max) by performing a 12-minute run for the maximum distance you can cover, then use an online calculator; aim for >50 mL/kg/min for men and >50 mL/kg/min for women.

24. Estimate VO2 Max (Walk Test)

For a gentler assessment of VO2 max, perform a one-mile walk test, recording your time and heart rate at the end, then use an online calculator to estimate your aerobic capacity.

25. Test Long-Duration Endurance

Assess your long-duration steady-state endurance by selecting a non-walking activity and maintaining consistent work output for a minimum of 20 minutes without breaks or reductions, ideally breathing only through your nose.

26. Annual Fitness Assessment

Conduct a full battery of fitness assessments at least once a year (or every six months for more detailed tracking), prioritizing more frequent testing for areas identified as weaknesses.

27. Structure Assessment Week

Arrange your fitness assessments over 2-3 days: start with non-fatiguing tests (body composition, movement skill) when fresh, then combine power, strength, and muscular endurance tests, and finally perform fatiguing aerobic and anaerobic tests on separate days.

28. Prioritize Reliability in Testing

For real-world progress tracking, prioritize the reliability and standardization of your assessment tools and protocols over perfect scientific validity, as consistent measurement allows for accurate tracking of improvement.