← Huberman Lab

Female Hormone Health, Fertility & Vitality | Dr. Natalie Crawford

Episode 150 Nov 13, 2023 3h 23m 29 insights
In this episode, my guest is Natalie Crawford, MD, a double board-certified physician specializing in obstetrics and gynecology, fertility and reproductive health and host of the “As a Woman” podcast. We discuss female hormones, nutrition, supplementation, reproductive health, and fertility, including how the timing and duration of puberty impact a woman’s long-term hormone cycles and menopause. We also discuss the pros and cons of various birth control methods and how hormonal vs. non-hormonal birth control each affects fertility. We cover the factors that impact egg and sperm quality and how to leverage timing for conception. We also discuss procedures to assess female fertility, including egg count and hormone testing, the process of egg freezing, in vitro fertilization (IVF) and other reproductive options. This episode represents fairly comprehensive coverage of female hormones and reproductive health, highlighting important tests and screening, behavioral, nutritional, supplement and prescription-based tools that women of any age can use to improve their fertility, hormone function and overall health.  For show notes, including referenced articles and additional resources, please visit hubermanlab.com.
Actionable Insights

1. Ovarian Reserve Testing

Consider getting an AMH blood test (approx. $79) and an antral follicle count (AFC) ultrasound in your late 20s/early 30s to understand your egg quantity. This information allows for informed family planning decisions, such as accelerating pregnancy attempts or considering egg freezing, especially since egg quality and quantity decline significantly after age 37.

2. Egg Freezing Does Not Diminish Fertility

Understand that harvesting eggs for freezing or IVF does not reduce the total number of eggs in your ‘vault’ or cause earlier menopause. The process stimulates the growth of eggs that would have been lost that month anyway, rather than drawing from future reserves, addressing a common misconception.

3. Optimal Egg Freezing Age

If not ready to have a family by age 32-33, consider freezing your eggs. This is the optimal time for the average person to intervene, as it offers the best intersection of good egg quality and quantity.

4. Prioritize Quality Sleep

Prioritize adequate sleep for overall reproductive health. Sleep is crucial for cellular repair and dropping inflammation levels, which are toxic to eggs and sperm and not ideal for conception.

5. Anti-Inflammatory, Plant-Forward Diet

Adopt a diet high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and limit red meat consumption (not daily) and processed meats. This decreases inflammation, improves fecundability, ovulation, IVF success, and decreases miscarriage rates.

6. Avoid Added, Artificial Sugars

Avoid added sugars and artificial sugars in your diet. These cause inflammation, stress reactions, and can lead to higher rates of miscarriage.

7. Avoid Smoking, Vaping, Cannabis, Alcohol

Avoid smoking cigarettes, vaping nicotine, and cannabis (edible or smoked), and consume alcohol in moderation (1-2 drinks a week at most) if trying to conceive, and none at all once pregnant. These substances negatively impact egg and sperm quality, increase miscarriage risk, and have fetal impacts.

8. Prenatal Vitamin & Key Supplements

If in reproductive years, take a prenatal vitamin with folic acid, 1000 IU of Vitamin D, and 1 gram of Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA form) daily. If trying to get pregnant, also take CoQ10 at 200mg three times a day. These supplements support cell division, prevent neural tube defects, reduce inflammation, and improve egg/sperm quality.

9. PCOS: Myo-Inositol Supplementation

For women with PCOS, consider taking 2000mg of Myo-inositol. This supplement helps the body be more sensitive to insulin, potentially decreasing inflammation and testosterone production from the ovary.

10. Sperm Enhancement Protocol for Men

For men with any abnormal sperm parameters, consider taking a gram of L-carnitine with a gram of Vitamin C, along with a multivitamin and CoQ10. This protocol aims to improve sperm quality, motility, and reduce DNA fragmentation.

11. Menopause: Consider Hormone Replacement Therapy

If going through menopause (average age 51-52) or premature ovarian failure, consider Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) with estradiol and a progestin, initiated at the beginning of the transition. HRT can improve brain, bone, and cardiovascular health, and enhance quality of life by alleviating symptoms.

12. Early HRT for Premature Ovarian Failure

If diagnosed with premature ovarian failure or low ovarian reserve, understand you will likely go through menopause early and should consider HRT at the onset of symptoms. Early intervention with HRT can improve both the quality and longevity of life.

13. Birth Control Pill & Blood Clot Risk

If anyone in your family has a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), get screened for clotting disorders (e.g., Factor V Leiden) before taking the birth control pill. If a clotting disorder is found, avoid the birth control pill.

14. IUD Removal Before Conception

If using a progesterone-based IUD (e.g., Mirena, Kylina, Lailetta) that has caused an absence of periods, remove it 3-6 months before trying to conceive. This allows the uterine lining to regrow sufficiently for a regular period pattern and implantation.

15. Avoid Depo-Provera if Soon Conceiving

Avoid the Depo-Provera shot if contemplating family building soon. It can prevent ovulation for up to 18 months, making it difficult to conceive quickly after stopping.

16. Use Unscented Products for Children

Use unscented products, especially with children (e.g., laundry detergent, shampoo, conditioner, soaps, body oils), and avoid rubbing lavender oil on babies. This decreases lifetime exposure to toxins and endocrine disruptors, which can accelerate puberty onset and impact development.

17. Sperm Freezing Before Vasectomy

If considering a vasectomy, freeze sperm beforehand. Life circumstances can change, and vasectomy reversals are not always successful or may not result in sufficient sperm for natural conception.

18. Daily Intercourse for Conception

If trying to conceive, have intercourse daily during the fertile window (5 days ending on the day of ovulation). Studies show this is associated with the highest chance of fecundability. If daily intercourse causes stress, aim for every other day, targeting the day before and day of ovulation.

19. Full-Fat Dairy & Healthy Fats

Consume full-fat dairy products (e.g., whole milk, yogurt, cheese) rather than processed or skim versions, and include healthy fats from sources like avocados, nuts, and fish. Healthy fats are essential for hormone production and overall reproductive health.

20. Fish Consumption During Pregnancy

Limit fish consumption to three servings per week if pregnant due to mercury concerns, and avoid raw seafood (sushi, sashimi) during pregnancy due to the risk of infectious disease.

21. Egg Retrieval Anesthesia

When going through egg freezing or IVF, ensure your clinic uses IV sedation (e.g., Propofol) for egg retrieval. This helps avoid extreme pain during the procedure.

22. IVF: Consider Embryo Genetic Testing

Consider genetic testing (PGT for aneuploidy) of embryos during IVF, especially if older. This allows for higher efficiency and success rates, reduces failed transfers and miscarriages, and helps in batching cycles for future family growth.

23. Store Frozen Embryos Indefinitely

If you have frozen embryos, keep them in storage until you are certain you are done having children. Life circumstances can change, and having embryos available can provide future opportunities for family building.

24. Avoid Minimal Stimulation IVF

For individuals with a normal egg count, do not opt for minimal stimulation protocols (low stim) during IVF unless specifically advised by a specialist. Minimal stimulation results in fewer eggs, lowering the odds of ultimate success.

25. Abstain from Intercourse During Egg Stimulation

If going through egg freezing or IVF, abstain from intercourse from approximately day 5 of stimulation until your next period (about 3 weeks). This prevents infection and avoids the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) if pregnancy occurs.

26. Menopausal Hormone Choice

If on Hormone Replacement Therapy, choose an estrogen that mimics estradiol (e.g., pills, vaginal inserts, patches) and combine it with a progestin. This combination helps alleviate symptoms and provides health benefits while preventing endometrial cancer.

27. Advanced Paternal Age Awareness

Men over age 50 should be aware of the increased risk of certain negative outcomes (e.g., autism, autosomal dominant disorders) associated with advanced paternal age. This information can inform family planning decisions.

28. Hydrate with Electrolytes

Dissolve one packet of Element (electrolytes without sugar) in 16-32 ounces of water when waking up and during physical exercise. This ensures adequate hydration and electrolytes for optimal brain and body function, as even slight dehydration diminishes cognitive and physical performance.

29. Utilize Meditation/NSDR for Energy

Use meditation, mindfulness training, yoga nidra, or non-sleep deep rest (NSDR) protocols. Short sessions (e.g., 10 minutes) can greatly restore cognitive and physical energy and help place the brain and body into different states.