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Essentials: Optimize Your Exercise Program with Science-Based Tools | Jeff Cavaliere

Feb 19, 2026 40m 41 insights
In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, my guest is Jeff Cavaliere, MSPT, CSCS, a physical therapist, strength coach and the founder of ATHLEAN-X, an online training platform. We explain the foundations of an effective training program, including how to structure your weekly workouts and recovery to match your goals and schedule. We also discuss effective warm-ups and stretching, strategies to reduce injury risk and practical nutrition principles without strict calorie counting. Jeff's science-based approach offers clear, actionable guidance for anyone looking to improve fitness, physique and overall health. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com.
Actionable Insights

1. Prioritize Personal Effectiveness & Consistency

Focus on what personally works best for you in training and nutrition, as consistent adherence to any effective method is ultimately what yields the greatest benefits.

2. Choose A Sustainable Training Split

When selecting a training split, prioritize one you will consistently stick to, as an effective split not followed yields no results.

3. Focus On Sustainable Nutrition

Choose nutrition strategies that are sustainable for the long term, as non-exclusionary approaches tend to be the most effective for lifelong health and adherence.

4. Enjoy Your Food For Adherence

Ensure your nutrition plan includes foods you genuinely enjoy, as any plan based on disliked foods will not be sustainable long-term.

5. Explore Diverse Training & Nutrition

Be open to exploring various training splits or eating styles, as finding an approach you genuinely enjoy and can stick with is key to long-term adherence and success.

6. Train Like An Athlete

To achieve an athletic physique, adopt an athlete’s training methodology, focusing on both strength and conditioning.

7. 60-40 Strength-Conditioning Split

Aim for a 60% strength training and 40% conditioning split in your weekly exercise routine to balance both aspects effectively.

8. Sample 5-Day Training Schedule

For a balanced routine, dedicate three days to strength training (e.g., Monday, Wednesday, Friday) and two days to conditioning (e.g., Tuesday, Thursday), which can be done at a gym or home.

9. Keep Workouts Under An Hour

Aim to complete your workouts in an hour or less, as this duration is generally effective for overall health without excessive length.

10. Hard Or Long, Not Both

Choose between training long or training hard, but avoid attempting both simultaneously, especially as you age, as excessive length can cause more problems than intensity.

11. Avoid Upright Rows; Prioritize External Rotation

Avoid upright rows due to their potential to compromise shoulder mechanics and instead prioritize exercises that promote external rotation to maintain long-term shoulder health and proper biomechanics.

12. Use High Pulls Instead of Upright Rows

Substitute upright rows with high pulls, ensuring your hands are higher than your elbows to maintain external rotation and achieve similar muscle benefits for shoulders, delts, and traps without compromising joint health.

13. Externally Rotate For Overhead Movement

When raising your arms overhead, ensure you externally rotate your shoulders to maintain normal joint mechanics and prevent stress and potential injury.

14. Strengthen Hip External Rotators

Actively strengthen the external rotator muscles of your hips to ensure proper biomechanics and prevent future issues, mirroring the importance of shoulder external rotation.

15. Balance Muscle Tension

Strive to balance muscle tension across your body, addressing weak or overly tight areas to prevent adaptations and compensations that can lead to dysfunction and pain.

16. Grip Deep In Palm To Prevent Elbow Pain

When gripping a bar or dumbbell, especially for pulling exercises, ensure the weight is deep in the meat of your palm, with knuckles over the bar, to prevent stress on distal finger muscles and medial elbow pain.

17. Correct Grip For Elbow Pain

If experiencing medial elbow pain, identify pulling exercises where your grip might have drifted to your fingertips and consciously deepen your grip into the palm to alleviate strain.

18. Rest & Modify For Inflammation

For inflammatory conditions like golfer’s elbow, temporarily cease exercises that cause pain and explore alternative movements or machines that train similar muscles without exacerbating the stress.

19. Use The “Cramp Test”

Perform a “cramp test” by flexing a muscle until it almost cramps; if you can achieve this, it indicates a good mind-muscle connection and the ability to stimulate that muscle effectively under load.

20. Cultivate Mind-Muscle Connection

Develop a strong mind-muscle connection for every exercise, as the ability to engage the target muscle varies and is crucial for effective training and hypertrophy.

21. Embrace Discomfort For Growth

To achieve muscle hypertrophy and improved muscularity, actively seek and embrace discomfort during your training, as a lack of discomfort may indicate ineffective stimulation.

22. Tailor Nutrition For Performance

Customize your pre-workout nutrition to whatever allows you to perform at your highest level, as optimizing performance is the most crucial factor.

23. Monitor Grip Strength For Recovery

Monitor your grip strength as it is a strong indicator of systemic performance and recovery, reflecting your nervous system’s readiness.

24. Skip Gym If Grip Strength Drops

If your daily grip strength measurement shows a drop-off of 10% or more, consider skipping your workout that day, as your systemic recovery may be compromised, limiting beneficial output.

25. Bathroom Scale For Grip Strength

Use an old-fashioned bathroom scale to measure your grip strength by squeezing it with your hands, providing an accessible way to track recovery.

26. Use Soreness As Recovery Guide

Use muscle soreness as a primary indicator for local muscle recovery; avoid training a muscle group if it is still significantly sore.

27. Sustainable, Non-Exclusionary Nutrition

Prioritize sustainable, non-exclusionary dietary approaches like a low sugar, lower fat diet. If an exclusionary diet helps you gain control initially, use it but transition to a sustainable approach.

28. Plate Method: Fibrous Carbs First

Use the “plate method” by dividing your plate like a clock (9:20 to 12:00) and dedicating the largest portion to fibrous carbohydrates (green vegetables) for micronutrients, fiber, and satiety.

29. Plate Method: Prioritize Protein

After fibrous carbohydrates, dedicate the next largest portion of your plate to protein, ensuring you consume protein with every meal, especially if you are active or building muscle.

30. Plate Method: Moderate Starchy Carbs

Allocate the smallest portion of your plate to starchy carbohydrates (e.g., sweet potatoes, rice, pasta), including them in moderation rather than excluding them entirely, to satisfy cravings and provide energy.

31. Consume Protein Around Workouts

Ensure you consume protein either before or after your training sessions, as this is important for muscle recovery and growth.

32. Adjust Protein Timing For Digestion

If consuming protein pre-workout causes digestive discomfort or impairs your workout performance, shift your protein intake to after your training session.

33. No Urgency For Post-Workout Meal

Disregard the strict “anabolic window” for post-workout meals; focus instead on responsible, consistent nutrition rather than urgent timing.

34. Simple Pre-Workout: Water & Caffeine

For a simple pre-workout, consider consuming water and a form of caffeine to fuel your session and maintain high output.

35. Prioritize Comprehensive Warm-ups

Make your warm-up an integral and significant part of your workout, as it becomes increasingly important for injury prevention and performance, especially with age.

36. Dynamic Stretching For Readiness

Use dynamic stretching to prepare muscles for performance and increase readiness by exploring the ends of the range of motion without disrupting length-tension relationships, also aiding warm-up and blood flow.

37. Dynamic Warm-up Exercises

Incorporate dynamic exercises like leg swings, butt kicks, and walking lunges into your warm-up to excite the nervous system, increase blood flow, and prepare muscles for activity without impairing performance.

38. Incorporate Footwork Drills

Mix up traditional conditioning with footwork drills like ladders or line drills, as they can make conditioning more engaging and provide additional benefits.

39. Passive Stretch Away From Workouts

Perform passive stretching far away from your main workouts, ideally at the end of the day, to avoid disrupting motor patterns and to promote healing with maintained length rather than shortening.

40. Passive Stretching For Flexibility

Engage in passive stretching to increase muscle flexibility by decreasing the muscle’s resistance to greater range of motion, rather than solely increasing its length.

41. Keep A Training Journal

Maintain a training journal to increase awareness of your performance and set objective goals, as having clear targets makes them significantly easier to achieve.