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Essentials: How to Learn Faster by Using Failures, Movement & Balance

Dec 26, 2024 37m 22s 13 insights
In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I explain how making mistakes and perceived frustration drive learning and how movement enhances the brain’s adaptability.  I explain how making errors triggers the release of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, which are essential for learning. I also discuss the differences between how neuroplasticity occurs in children and adults, focusing on the varying requirements and effort needed for learning. I discuss science-supported learning strategies for adults, including small practice bouts, leveraging frustration, regulating your autonomic state, and using movement to maximize focus and neuroplasticity.  Huberman Lab Essentials are short episodes (approximately 30 minutes) focused on essential science and protocol takeaways from past Huberman Lab episodes. Essentials will be released every Thursday, and our full-length episodes will still be released every Monday. Read the full show notes at hubermanlab.com.
Actionable Insights

1. Embrace Errors for Plasticity

Actively create mismatches or errors in your performance, as this signals to the nervous system that something is wrong, triggering the release of neurochemicals (acetylcholine, epinephrine, dopamine) needed for neural circuits to change and learn.

2. Leverage Frustration for Learning

When experiencing frustration from making errors, leverage that feeling by drilling deeper into the endeavor instead of walking away, as this engages plasticity mechanisms and prevents negative rewiring.

3. Persist Through Frustration

For adult learning, engage in bouts where you actively seek and make errors, continuing for 7 to 30 minutes even when frustrated, to liberate the chemical cues that signal plasticity needs to happen.

4. Attach Dopamine to Errors

Subjectively tell yourself that making errors is important and good for your overall learning goals, which helps release dopamine in your brain and significantly accelerates the rate of plasticity.

5. Increase Learning Contingency

To accelerate and magnify plasticity, create a serious incentive or high contingency for the learning to occur, as the importance of something to you gates the rate and magnitude of neural change.

6. Adopt Incremental Learning

As an adult, focus on incremental learning by tolerating smaller errors over time and stacking them, rather than attempting massive shifts, to achieve significant neuroplasticity.

7. Focus on Small Learning Bouts

Engage in smaller bouts of focused learning for smaller bits of information, as trying to learn a lot of information in one session as an adult is a mistake for effective plasticity.

8. Assess Autonomic Arousal

Before any learning session, assess your level of autonomic arousal (limbic friction) to determine if you are too alert or too tired, then engage in behaviors to bring yourself to an optimal state of heightened arousal for learning.

9. Engage Vestibular System for Plasticity

To heighten or accelerate plasticity, intentionally engage your vestibular system by getting off balance and compensating, as errors in balance directly signal the cerebellum to release key neurochemicals for learning.

10. Optimize Learning Time

Identify and utilize the time or times of day when you naturally have the highest mental acuity for engaging in learning bouts, as this optimizes your ability to tolerate errors and focus.

11. Calm Arousal with Physiological Sigh

If you are too alert or anxious before a learning bout, perform a physiological sigh by inhaling twice through the nose and exhaling once through the mouth to offload carbon dioxide and calm your autonomic arousal.

12. Reduce Arousal with Panoramic Vision

To reduce excessive alertness or anxiety, shift from tunnel vision to panoramic vision by dilating your field of gaze, which helps to calm your autonomic nervous system.

13. Increase Alertness with Breathing

If you are too tired or calm to focus, increase your alertness by engaging in super oxygenation breathing (inhaling more than exhaling) or breathing very fast to deploy norepinephrine.