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Essentials: How to Focus to Change Your Brain

Dec 19, 2024 37m 25s 16 insights
In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I explain how neuroplasticity allows the brain to continue to adapt and change throughout life, particularly through focused attention and active engagement in learning. I explain how neuroplasticity differs in children and adults, highlighting the key neurochemicals required for adult learning. I explain science-supported protocols to boost alertness and improve attention, including techniques like visual focus and goal accountability. I also discuss how sleep, along with practices such as non-sleep deep rest (NSDR) and naps, support the brain to enhance learning.  Huberman Lab Essentials are short episodes (approximately 30 minutes) focused on essential science and protocol takeaways from past Huberman Lab episodes. Essentials will be released every Thursday, and our full-length episodes will still be released every Monday. Read the full show notes at hubermanlab.com.
Actionable Insights

1. Recognize Desire for Change

To initiate neuroplasticity, first recognize and acknowledge precisely what specific behavior, reaction, or piece of information you want to change or learn, as this awareness cues the nervous system for change.

2. Intense Focus for Brain Change

If you are older than 25 and want your brain to change, bring an immense amount of selective attention to the specific thing you wish to alter or learn, as this is crucial for opening up plasticity.

3. Master Sleep for Alertness

Master your sleep schedule and determine how much sleep you need to achieve alertness when you sit down to learn, as alertness (via epinephrine release) is a necessary chemical circumstance for plasticity.

4. Leverage Peak Alertness for Learning

Identify when you are naturally most alert during your 24-hour cycle and dedicate that period to learning specific things aligned with your goals, as epinephrine release occurs more readily during these times.

5. Cultivate Diverse Motivations

To ensure alertness, energy, and attention for a task, identify a ‘kit’ of several reasons (e.g., love-based goals, fear of shame or humiliation) that motivate you to make a particular change.

6. Train Visual Focus for Mental Acuity

To improve your ability to focus your mind for tasks like reading or listening, practice focusing your visual system on a small window of space, as mental focus follows visual focus and triggers neurochemical release for plasticity.

7. Align Visual Focus with Task

When practicing visual focus to improve concentration, do so at the precise distance from the work you intend to do (e.g., screen, paper) to optimize its benefit for plasticity.

8. Close Eyes for Auditory Focus

When you need to listen very hard, close your eyes to create a ‘cone of auditory attention,’ as this helps prevent the visual system from taking over and improves listening comprehension.

9. Embrace Agitation Signals Effective Focus

If you feel agitation and find it challenging to focus, and feel like you’re not doing it right, chances are you are doing it right, as this agitation indicates the necessary epinephrine is in your system for plasticity.

10. Utilize 90-Minute Learning Bouts

Engage in learning bouts of about 90 minutes, recognizing that the beginning and end may involve some flickering focus, with the middle hour being the most concentrated period for optimal learning.

11. Eliminate Learning Distractions

During learning bouts, eliminate distractions by turning off Wi-Fi and placing your phone in another room to allow for complete immersion and sustained focus.

12. Re-Anchor Drifting Attention

When your attention drifts during a learning bout, continually bring it back, and if sighted, literally maintain visual focus on the thing you are trying to learn, as this is a key trigger for plasticity.

13. Prioritize Deep Sleep Post-Learning

Ensure you get deep sleep after a period of focused learning, as neuroplasticity primarily occurs during sleep, strengthening the neural circuits highlighted during wakefulness.

14. NSDR Accelerates Learning

Immediately after a learning task, engage in a 20-minute non-sleep deep rest (NSDR) protocol or a brief nap (90 minutes or less) to significantly accelerate the rates of learning and depth of plasticity.

15. Deliberate Disengagement Post-Focus

After a period of very deliberate focused effort, allow your mind to drift through non-sleep deep rest, walking, running, or mindlessly sitting, as this deliberate disengagement accelerates learning and depth of learning.

16. Consider Nicotine for Focus (with caution)

Some individuals, including Nobel Prize-winning scientists, use nicotine (e.g., Nicorette) to increase alertness and focus by binding to nicotinic receptors, but be cautious of jitteriness and over-reliance, as plasticity requires distinct windows of focus.