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Diet & Nutrition for Mental Health | Dr. Chris Palmer

Episode 99 Nov 21, 2022 3h 18 insights
My guest this episode is Chris Palmer, M.D., a board-certified psychiatrist and assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. He explains the important connection between nutrition, metabolism and mental health and his pioneering work using the ketogenic diet to successfully treat patients with various mental illnesses, including depression and schizophrenia. Dr. Palmer explains how the ketogenic diet is an evidenced-based treatment for epilepsy, mimics the fasted state and can offset the cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s. He describes the key roles of mitochondria in mental health, how certain conditions likely arise from mitochondrial dysfunction, and how low-carbohydrate diets increase mitochondrial turnover to improve mental health. He also explains how low-carbohydrate diets positively impact the gut microbiome and weight loss, important risk factors for mitochondrial health such as marijuana and alcohol, and the best way to increase circulating ketones depending on individual needs. We also cover how a ketogenic diet impacts mood, sleep, and fertility. Dr. Palmer’s work stands as a revolutionary approach to mental health and disease that, given the prevalence of mental health challenges, should be of interest to people of all backgrounds and ages. For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.
Actionable Insights

1. Ketogenic Diet for Severe Mental Disorders

Explore the ketogenic diet as a treatment for severe mental disorders like schizoaffective disorder, as it has shown remarkable potential to reduce or eliminate symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions, even in cases resistant to multiple medications.

2. Adjust Psychiatric Meds Under Supervision

Never stop psychiatric medications abruptly; instead, work with a mental health professional for gradual and safe adjustments, especially when implementing dietary changes, to avoid severe and potentially dangerous rebound symptoms.

3. Boost Mitochondrial Health with Diet

Stimulate mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis through dietary changes like ketogenic diets, fasting, or calorie restriction, as these processes are critical for improving mitochondrial health and function, which underlies mental and neurological well-being.

4. Achieve Ketosis for Clinical Benefit

If trying a low-carbohydrate diet for mental health improvements, strive to reach a state of ketosis, verifiable through urine strips or blood ketone tests, as clinical benefits were often observed only once ketosis was achieved.

5. Intensive Support for Diet Adherence

To improve adherence to a therapeutic diet, especially for mental health conditions, engage in frequent check-ins, receive thorough education, and utilize objective biomarkers like ketone levels, as these strategies significantly increase compliance.

6. Target Specific Ketone Levels

When utilizing a ketogenic diet for mental health, aim for blood ketone levels of at least 0.8 millimole for depression, and greater than 1.5 millimole for psychotic disorders and bipolar disorder, to achieve desired clinical benefits.

7. Keto Diet for Alcohol Use Disorder

Utilize a ketogenic diet as a potential intervention for alcohol use disorder, as research indicates it can reduce withdrawal symptoms, lower cravings, and improve brain metabolism and neuroinflammation in key reward areas, offering a fighting chance for sobriety.

8. Keto & Alcohol: Extreme Caution

Individuals on a ketogenic diet should be extremely cautious with alcohol consumption, as it can drastically increase blood alcohol levels (up to five-fold), making even small amounts highly intoxicating and dangerous for activities like driving.

9. Eliminate Processed Foods for Mood

For individuals seeking to improve their mood, start by reducing or eliminating highly processed foods, particularly those high in both sugar and fat, as this dietary adjustment can lead to significant positive changes.

10. Adopt Low-Carb Diet for Metabolic & Mental Health

Consider adopting a low-carbohydrate diet, similar to the Atkins diet, to address metabolic syndrome and potentially experience significant improvements in mood, energy, concentration, and sleep, as observed in Dr. Palmer’s personal journey.

11. Manage Keto-Induced Hypomania & Sleep

Address hypomania and sleep disruption caused by a ketogenic diet by prioritizing at least six hours of sleep nightly; utilize behavioral tools, supplements like magnesium, or temporary prescription sleep aids to break the hypomanic cycle and restore healthy sleep patterns.

12. Evening Carbs for Better Sleep

If a low-carb diet impacts sleep, try incorporating some carbohydrates into your evening meal or before bed, as this can help calm the body and promote more restful sleep.

13. Protect Mitochondria: Limit THC

Limit or avoid THC consumption to protect brain mitochondrial function, as it directly impairs mitochondria, particularly in areas with CB1 receptors, potentially contributing to premature brain aging, memory impairment, and amotivational states.

14. Tailor Keto to Body Weight

Adapt your ketogenic diet approach based on body weight: if obese, focus on carbohydrate restriction (under 20g/day) to utilize body fat; if thin, ensure high fat intake from sources like avocados, olive oil, and heavy cream to maintain ketosis.

15. Full Keto Diet Over Supplements

For significant mental and neurological health benefits, a comprehensive ketogenic diet is generally more effective than relying solely on exogenous ketone supplements, as the diet induces a broader range of beneficial metabolic changes.

16. Intensive Support for Alzheimer’s Keto

To successfully implement a ketogenic diet for Alzheimer’s patients, provide intensive support such as weekly sessions, family education, and potentially pre-made meals, as adherence is a major challenge but crucial for potential cognitive benefits.

17. View Obesity as Metabolic Symptom

Adopt a mindset that views obesity as a symptom of underlying metabolic derangement, likely linked to impaired mitochondrial health, to strategically focus on addressing root metabolic health issues rather than just caloric intake.

18. Prioritize Root Cause Obesity Treatment

When addressing obesity, prioritize strategies that target the underlying metabolic derangement and mitochondrial dysfunction, rather than solely relying on medications like GLP-1 agonists, which may only treat symptoms and not the core problem.