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Developing a Rational Approach to Supplementation for Health & Performance

Episode 106 Jan 9, 2023 1h 56m 38 insights
In this episode, I explain how to design a supplementation protocol to support maximum mental and physical health and performance depending on your specific needs, nutrition, lifestyle and finances. When most people hear about “supplements,” they think they are vitamin supplements, but there are many compounds that are powerful and sold over-the-counter that can enhance our health in performance and that can’t be obtained from foods. First, I discuss “foundational” supplements to support overall health, including water and fat-soluble vitamins, minerals, digestive enzymes, adaptogens, and prebiotics/probiotics. Then I explain how to use single-ingredient supplements to enhance specific aspects of your physiology, such as aiding sleep, cognitive enhancement, and focus supporting healthy hormone levels (e.g., testosterone, estrogen and growth hormone, thyroid). Finally, I explain when it makes sense to add supplements to your lifestyle and discuss how best to use supplements, including how to determine dosage, sourcing, continuous schedules and cycling, and how to layer different supplements most effectively. This episode will explain how to design the safest, most biologically effective, cost-effective supplementation protocol to meet your particular goals and support your overall health, including vitality and longevity. For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.
Actionable Insights

1. Consult Physician for Protocols

Always consult a trusted board-certified physician before adding or subtracting any behavioral, nutritional, supplementation, or prescription drug protocols to ensure safety and appropriateness for your individual health.

2. Prioritize Behavioral Tools

Form the foundation of mental health, physical health, and performance by implementing specific actions and avoiding others, such as viewing morning sunlight, exercising, and avoiding late-night bright light.

3. Prioritize Quality Nutrition

Establish nutrition as the second foundational layer, as no amount of supplementation can compensate for poor nutrition long-term. Aim for 75-80% or more of your food intake from non-processed or minimally processed sources.

4. Systematic Supplement Testing

When exploring targeted supplements, test single-ingredient formulations for about a week each, without changing other protocols, to identify minimal effective doses and rule out ineffective or detrimental compounds. This helps isolate variables and understand individual impact.

5. Test Hormonal Supplements with Blood Work

Before and after about four to eight weeks of taking any hormone-modulating supplement, get blood tests to objectively evaluate its effectiveness and ensure it’s not causing unwanted negative effects.

6. Start Supplements at Minimal Dose

Begin any new supplement regimen with the minimal effective dose and gradually build up protocols over time, playing the long game to find what works best for you in both the immediate and long term.

7. Support Gut Microbiome

Ingest four servings a day of low-sugar fermented foods (e.g., refrigerated sauerkraut, kimchi, Greek yogurt, kombucha, kefir, natto, pickles with brine) to greatly improve gut microbiome function, enhance the immune system, and reduce inflammation.

8. Consider Foundational Multi-Supplements

For comprehensive coverage of vitamins, minerals, digestive enzymes, adaptogens, and probiotics/prebiotics, consider a broad-spectrum, multi-ingredient foundational supplement, especially if your budget allows for about $100 or more per month.

9. Prioritize Omega-3s for Budget

If on a limited supplement budget, prioritize a high-quality omega-3 fatty acid fish oil, aiming for 1-3 grams of EPA per day, to support mood, metabolic, cardiovascular, cognitive function, and focus.

10. View Morning Sunlight

View morning sunlight to increase cortisol levels early in the day, which is crucial for focus, alertness, immune function, and ensuring lower cortisol levels at night for optimal growth hormone and testosterone release.

11. Avoid Late-Night Bright Light

Avoid bright light exposure to your eyes between 10 p.m. and 4 a.m. to enhance mental health, physical health, and performance by supporting healthy sleep architecture.

12. Limit Afternoon Caffeine

Limit or eliminate caffeine intake after 2 p.m. (or even noon) to prevent disruption of sleep architecture, which can diminish mental health, physical health, and performance the following day.

13. Avoid Eating Before Bedtime

Avoid food intake within two hours prior to bedtime to facilitate growth hormone release during sleep and improve your ability to fall and stay asleep, but ensure you’re not so hungry that it prevents sleep.

14. Engage in Strenuous Exercise

Incorporate strenuous exercise, including both cardiovascular and relatively short (under an hour) bouts of intense resistance training a few times per week, to dramatically alter and improve hormone profiles.

15. Take Vitamin/Mineral Supplements with Food

Ingest vitamin and mineral supplements with food, ideally early in the day, to prevent stomach upset (especially from B vitamins) and optimize absorption.

16. Avoid Excessive Probiotics/Prebiotics

If taking probiotic/prebiotic supplements, ensure they contain low enough levels to avoid potential issues like brain fog, which can be associated with excessive intake.

17. Use Magnesium for Sleep

Consider magnesium threonate or bisglycinate to shorten the transition time into sleep and deepen sleep, as they readily cross the blood-brain barrier and induce mild drowsiness.

18. Use Apigenin for Sleep

Consider apigenin, a chamomile derivative, to lower anxiety prior to sleep, helping to reduce rumination and facilitate falling asleep.

19. Use Myo-Inositol for Waking

If you wake up in the middle of the night and struggle to fall back asleep, consider taking 900 milligrams of myo-inositol to help shorten the time it takes to return to sleep.

20. Avoid Theanine with Vivid Dreams

If you experience excessively vivid dreams that cause you to wake up jolted or anxious, avoid theanine supplementation (typically 100-400mg) as it can intensify dreams for some individuals.

21. Exercise Caution with Melatonin

Use melatonin only occasionally for specific purposes like jet lag, as it primarily induces sleepiness but doesn’t maintain sleep, can impact other hormone systems, and often has inconsistent dosages in supplements.

22. Cycle Sleep Supplements

Every two weeks or so, or perhaps every month, take one night off completely from all your sleep supplements or leave out one sleep supplement, ideally on a non-critical night, to assess any real or placebo-based dependency.

23. Consider Shilajit for Hormones

Explore shilajit, containing fulvic acid, to augment multiple hormone systems, potentially increasing FSH, testosterone, estrogen, and libido, but cycle its use (e.g., 8 weeks on, 2 weeks off) and adhere to recommended dosages.

24. Consider Ashwagandha for Cortisol

Use ashwagandha to reduce cortisol levels, which can indirectly lead to increased testosterone; however, avoid taking high dosages for more than two weeks at a time.

25. Consider Maca Root for Libido

If experiencing lowered libido, consider maca root, which can increase libido in both men and women, including those on SSRIs, by augmenting dopamine and upstream hormone pathways.

26. Cycle Fadogia Agrestis

If using Fadogia Agrestis (600mg/day) to potentially increase libido, sperm production, testosterone, or estrogen, cycle its use (e.g., 8 weeks on, 2 weeks off or 12 weeks on, 1 month off) and never exceed recommended dosages due to potential toxicity at high levels.

27. Consider Tongkat Ali

Explore Tongkat Ali (200-600mg/day) to potentially increase libido and free testosterone by reducing sex hormone binding globulin; start with a minimum dose, scale by body size, and allow 8-12 weeks for effects to manifest.

28. Consider L-Carnitine for Fertility

For fertility support, consider orally ingested L-Carnitine to improve sperm motility and quality, and egg quality, noting that injectable L-Carnitine requires a prescription.

29. Use Caffeine for Focus

Ingest caffeine (1-3mg/kg body weight, 30 minutes before activity) for enhanced alertness and focus, noting that pill form can be more potent than coffee/tea, but avoid late afternoon intake and exercise caution if prone to anxiety.

30. Avoid Smoked Yerba Mate

If consuming Yerba Mate for caffeine or other purposes, always choose non-smoked varieties, as smoked versions are carcinogenic.

31. Use Alpha GPC for Focus

Take Alpha GPC (300-600mg) to enhance focus by augmenting acetylcholine pathways, providing a non-stimulant increase in cognitive attention lasting 4-6 hours.

32. Use L-Tyrosine for Focus

Consider L-Tyrosine (500-1000mg) as a dopamine precursor to increase focus without the jittery feeling of stimulants, but be aware that some individuals may experience a ‘crash’ afterward.

33. Exercise Caution with Alpha Yohimbine

Be very careful when considering alpha yohimbine (rauwolscine) as a stimulant for alertness and fat loss, as it is potent and can cause significant anxiety in some individuals.

34. Separate Stimulant & Neuromodulator Supplements

When exploring cognitive enhancers, try stimulant-based supplements (e.g., caffeine) and neuromodulator-based supplements (e.g., Alpha GPC, L-Tyrosine) separately before combining them, to understand their distinct effects on alertness versus focus.

35. Avoid Hormonal Supplements in Youth

Strongly avoid hormone augmentation supplements for individuals under 20-22 years old, unless specifically recommended and closely monitored by a board-certified physician, as the body and brain are still developing.

36. Adjust Supplements for Menstrual Cycle

Women should be prepared to adjust dosages or cease certain supplements (e.g., Shilajit, Tongkat Ali, Maca) at different phases of their menstrual cycle, as hormonal shifts can alter their effects and comfort levels.

37. Meet Daily Protein Needs

Aim for approximately one gram of protein per pound of body weight per day, primarily from high-quality sources, to support protein synthesis, recovery from exercise, and muscle building.

38. Get Enough Sleep for Cognition

Prioritize good quality sleep of sufficient duration as the most effective cognitive enhancer, as it is during sleep that neural connections remodel and learning is consolidated.