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Control Stress for Healthy Eating, Metabolism & Aging | Dr. Elissa Epel

Episode 118 Apr 3, 2023 2h 1m 30 insights
In this episode, my guest is Elissa Epel, Ph.D., professor and vice chair of the department of psychiatry at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) and the author of a new book entitled "The Stress Prescription." We discuss her work showing how stress impacts mood, eating behavior, mental health, physical health, and aging. She explains stress intervention tools using “top-down” techniques (e.g., radical acceptance, mindfulness, reframing), body-based methods (e.g., breathwork) including the Wim Hof Method, exercise, meditation, body scans, and environmental shifts proven to help people cease unhealthy rumination patterns. We discuss how stress can positively impact psychology and sense of purpose, how stress affects cellular aging, how our narratives of stressful events impact our mood and biology, and how to effectively reframe stress. She explains science-based techniques to break stress-induced cycles of craving and overeating and thereby improve insulin sensitivity and metabolic health. Dr. Epel provides a wide range of tools shown to be effective in reducing stress and improving various aspects of our health. For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com.
Actionable Insights

1. Reframe Stress as Challenge

When facing a stressor, consciously view it as a challenge and opportunity by thinking, ‘I can do this’ or ‘I have what it takes,’ as this promotes a healthier physiological response (more cardiac output, less inflammation) and slower biological aging.

2. Practice Radical Acceptance

Identify unwanted, unchangeable situations in your life and practice radical acceptance by acknowledging their permanence, which frees mental and emotional resources from futile worrying or problem-solving.

3. Employ Personalized Stress Shields

Develop and use personal strength statements (e.g., ‘I got this,’ ‘I have what it takes’), recall past successes, list resources, or practice distancing (e.g., ’this won’t matter in 5 years’) to shift from a threat response to a challenge response.

4. View Stress Response as Empowering

When experiencing physical signs of stress (e.g., heart racing), reframe it by telling yourself, ‘This stress response is empowering; my body is doing just what it should,’ to improve performance, problem-solving, and recovery.

5. Balance Effort and Release

Skillfully navigate life by knowing when to ‘muscle it’ (exert effort on productive work) and when to ‘release it’ (let go of unchangeable situations), recognizing that both approaches are necessary for effective stress mitigation.

6. Implement Daily Mindful Check-ins

Regularly pause during the day for mindful check-ins, including closing eyes, feeling the body, labeling emotions, slow breathing, and mind-body movement, to reduce stress, improve awareness, and shift focus from ruminative thoughts.

7. Cultivate Purpose Narrative

Create a coherent narrative around your life experiences, focusing on what is meaningful to you and your purpose, to make sense of events, find resolution, and rise above deterministic stress responses.

8. Build Uncertainty Tolerance

Actively build your capacity to tolerate uncertainty, as this resilience factor is associated with less anxiety and depression, and quicker recovery from stressful events.

9. Engage in Positive Stress

Explore short-term bursts of ‘hermetic stress’ like aerobic activity or the Wim Hof Method (extreme breathing) to promote stress resilience and boost daily positive emotions, leading to reductions in stress, anxiety, and depression.

10. Foster Positive Evening Moods

At the end of a stressful day, actively cultivate feelings of contentment, ease, confidence, or joy, as this practice is correlated with better long-term health trajectories, including less depression and heart disease.

11. Practice Breathwork for Relief

Utilize breathing strategies as the most direct and fast physiological path to reducing stress in the body.

12. Create a Physical Safe Zone

Designate a small, pre-designated physical space populated with comforting items like photos, pets, smells, or music, as these act as safety signals to alleviate stress and enhance mood.

13. Halt Rumination with Safety

When catching yourself rehearsing or reliving stress, or worrying, consciously affirm ‘right now I’m safe’ to interrupt the thought pattern and turn off the stress response.

14. Embrace Moderate Life Challenges

Actively engage in life’s challenges and risks, as avoiding all stress can lead to lower cognitive health and hinder brain growth, even in later years.

15. Reframe Uncertainty Positively

View uncertainty as the ‘beauty of the mystery of life’ and a source of freedom, approaching the unknown with curiosity and a receptive mindset rather than a need for control.

16. Adopt Receptive Posture

When facing uncertainty, adopt a ’leaning back’ and relaxed posture with slow breaths, shifting from an alert, predictive stance to a receptive mode that allows you to receive what happens with curiosity.

17. Perform Daily Body Scans

Practice a body scan by focusing on each part of the body from head to toe and breathing into it to release tension, as this simple practice can significantly reduce cravings.

18. Maintain Meditation Practice

Engage in daily meditation to potentially achieve slower biological aging, dampen inflammatory pathways, and boost telomerase activity, which protects cells and rebuilds telomeres.

19. Sustain Meditation for Mental Health

Continue meditation practices long-term, as it can lead to sustained reductions in depression and improved mental health, especially for individuals with a history of early adversity.

20. Mindfulness During Pregnancy

Engage in mindfulness training during pregnancy (e.g., weekly classes, daily check-ins, slow breathing, mind-body movement) to improve maternal insulin sensitivity and mental health, and promote healthier stress responses and reduced obesity in offspring.

21. Distinguish Emotional from Hunger

Before eating, perform a mindful check-in to label your emotions and rate your hunger (1-10), helping to discern if you are truly hungry or eating due to emotions like boredom.

22. Practice Mindful Eating

If prone to compulsive eating, practice mindful eating by checking in with hunger, slowing down, and increasing body awareness to improve insulin sensitivity, glucose regulation, and long-term weight management.

23. Use HIIT to Reduce Cravings

Engage in high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or other short-term physical stressors to metabolize stress in the body, which can help break the compulsive eating cycle and reduce cravings.

24. Surf the Urge

When experiencing a craving (e.g., for sugary drinks), observe the craving pass without immediately consuming, understanding that the urge will subside over time with practice.

25. Establish Food-Safe Environments

Remove tempting foods like soda from your home and workplace to create environments that do not trigger cravings and compulsive eating, making it easier to avoid unhealthy choices.

26. Mindfully Taste Processed Foods

Eat highly processed or ‘junk’ food very slowly and mindfully to experience its actual taste and texture, often revealing it to be less satisfying than anticipated and reducing its perceived reward.

27. Savor Small Food Portions

Practice savoring small amounts of truly rewarding foods, like good chocolate, by eating slowly to fully enjoy the experience without needing to feel full or binge.

28. Leverage Dissonance Against Marketing

Understand how the food industry manipulates desires and designs addictive foods to reduce reward drive and compulsive eating, fostering a sense of rebellion against unhealthy choices.

29. Ensure Electrolyte Hydration

Drink one packet of Element in 16-32 ounces of water first thing in the morning and during physical exercise to ensure adequate hydration and electrolytes for optimal brain and body function and to prevent diminished cognitive and physical performance.

30. Use NSDR for Energy

Engage in yoga nidra or non-sleep deep rest (NSDR) for even 10-minute sessions to greatly restore levels of cognitive and physical energy.