← Feel Better, Live More with Dr Rangan Chatterjee

Tim Spector: Why Everything You’ve Been Told About Food Is Wrong #131

Nov 11, 2020 2h 8m 35 insights
It’s a bold claim: that (almost) everything you’ve been told about food is wrong. But by the end of today’s conversation, I think you’ll be questioning what you previously thought was true and embarking on a new way of eating that’s right for you. My guest, Tim Spector, is a Professor of Genetic Epidemiology and Head of the Department of Twin Research at King’s College London. He’s a leading expert on the gut microbiome whose work has transformed what we know about nutrition and health. Tim’s latest work highlights how much we really don’t know about food. Aside from the consensus that plant foods are good for us, ultra-processed junk foods are not, there’s very little evidence or expert agreement on anything else. So there’s most definitely not a one-size-fits-all ‘correct’ way to eat. During our chat we cover calorie counting, artificial sweeteners, the dangers of ultra-processed foods and how poor science lets the food industry maintain that its products are healthy, simply because they’ve not been proven to be harmful. We discuss the benefits of fasting, and the perception that you need to graze all day. The diet industry perpetuates the myth that if we don’t have a snack to hand at all times, we’ll have an energy dip, lack focus and we might even faint! For most of us, it’s actually the reverse that’s true. With this in mind, we agree that nutrition should be at the heart of the curriculum in schools. Our children can cope at school without mid-morning and afternoon snacks. I share Tim’s passion that we should be teaching our children how to recognise real versus fake food with the same enthusiasm that we teach them to read and write. I find the concept of personalised nutrition hugely empowering. As Tim states in his most recent book, ‘You are very unlikely to be average’. I’ve seen it first-hand with my patients, many of whom respond completely differently to the same ways of eating. It’s why I describe my approach as ‘diet agnostic’ and, like Tim, I’d actively encourage you to start experimenting with what, how and when you eat. I hope this conversation inspires you to explore what makes you thrive.  Show notes available at drchatterjee.com/131 Follow me on instagram.com/drchatterjee/ Follow me on facebook.com/DrChatterjee/ Follow me on twitter.com/drchatterjeeuk
Actionable Insights

1. Consume 30 Plant Species Weekly

Aim to consume around 30 different species of plants per week to promote maximum diversity of gut microbes, which is linked to better immune system health, brain function, and chemical production.

2. Prioritize Minimally Processed Foods

Eat minimally processed, “real food” as much as possible, as this cuts through dietary tribal wars and focuses on food closer to its natural state. Avoid large amounts of regular ultra-processed food, which is linked to metabolic problems, weight gain, and lower energy.

3. Experiment with Personal Nutrition

Actively experiment with what, how, and when you eat to find a personalized way of eating that’s right for you, as there’s no one-size-fits-all correct approach. Engage in self-experimentation with diet and health, as personal experience and testing can lead to profound insights and better health management.

4. Teach Kids Real vs. Fake Food

Teach children how to recognize real versus fake food with the same enthusiasm as reading and writing, to empower them, prevent misinformation, and improve long-term health outcomes. Stop passing on misinformation about food to children to effect positive change.

5. Reduce Meal Frequency

Aim for fewer, more substantial meals (e.g., two decent meals a day) instead of frequent snacking, as constant eating is metabolically bad and conditions the body for perpetual consumption.

6. Practice Moderate Fasting

Incorporate periods of moderate fasting (e.g., time-restricted eating, occasional fasts up to 24 hours) into your routine, as it can psychologically train you to understand hunger and realize you don’t need to eat constantly.

7. Avoid Ultra-Sweetened Products

Wean yourself and children off ultra-sweetened products, including those with artificial sweeteners, as they condition taste buds to crave sweetness, making natural, less sweet foods less appealing.

8. Consider How and When You Eat

Pay attention to “how” and “when” you eat, not just “what” is on your plate, as factors like meal timing, sleep, and previous day’s activities significantly influence metabolic responses.

9. Listen to Your Body’s Hunger Cues

Listen to your body’s natural hunger cues, especially in the morning, rather than eating out of habit or dogma, as your body often provides signals about when it truly needs food.

10. Avoid Eating Close to Bedtime

Avoid eating within two to three hours of bedtime, as eating too close to sleep can delay heart rate drop, negatively impact recovery scores, and reduce deep sleep.

11. Include Daily Fermented Foods

Incorporate fermented foods (e.g., full-fat yogurt, kefir) into your daily diet to feed and support gut microbes, which are crucial for overall health.

12. Advocate for School Nutrition Reform

Advocate for schools to be models of good nutrition by removing vending machines with junk food and promoting healthier eating environments, as schools dictate what’s “normal” for kids. Avoid giving children sugary snacks during school breaks, as they can lead to sugar dips, fatigue, and concentration problems.

13. Minimize Post-Meal Spikes

Aim to reduce large, regular spikes in blood sugar, insulin, and lipid levels after meals, as frequent large spikes are linked to long-term metabolic problems, weight gain, increased hunger, and lower energy.

14. Rethink Carb-Heavy Breakfasts

Consider reducing or occasionally skipping carb-heavy breakfasts, as personal experimentation has shown better metabolic responses for some individuals with this change.

15. Limit Bread at Lunch

Reduce or eliminate bread at lunchtime, especially if you experience sugar dips and spikes, as personal monitoring has shown this change can help stabilize blood sugar levels.

16. Exercise Before Eating

Experiment with exercising before eating rather than immediately after, as personal experience suggests this can lead to better metabolic outcomes for some individuals.

17. Treat Fish as Occasional Food

View fish as another form of meat, not a “miracle food,” and consume it as a treat, as its health benefits are often overhyped and farmed fish can contain contaminants. When eating fish, prioritize high-quality, wild-caught varieties and consume them occasionally.

18. Prioritize Whole Foods Over Supplements

Focus on eating whole, real foods to meet nutritional needs, reducing reliance on vitamins and supplements, as real foods provide a complex array of nutrients that supplements cannot fully replicate.

19. Be Wary of Restrictive Diets

Be cautious of highly restrictive diets, as they are likely to cause long-term problems, potentially by depriving the gut microbiome of necessary fiber and diversity.

20. Prioritize Gut Fiber Intake

Ensure long-term gut health by consuming sufficient fiber, even on restrictive diets, through sources like seeds, herbs, and nuts.

21. Be a Citizen Scientist of Health

Approach learning about food and health as a positive challenge, becoming a “citizen scientist” through self-experimentation and sharing knowledge, fostering a positive relationship with food and continuous improvement.

22. Choose Steel-Cut Oats

If consuming oats, choose steel-cut oats over instant or processed varieties, as they have a lower impact on blood sugar levels.

23. Re-Embrace Natural Beverages

Re-learn to enjoy natural, less sweet beverages like water, teas, and herbal teas, to reset the “sweetness thermostat” and appreciate a wider range of tastes.

24. Adopt Mediterranean Eating Habits

Adopt eating habits similar to Mediterranean cultures: less snacking, take time for decent-sized meals, sit down to eat, and avoid eating in cars or in front of the TV, as these habits are associated with healthier populations.

25. Model Healthy Eating Habits

Be mindful of your own snacking habits, as parental behavior conditions children’s eating patterns, and children learn by observing.

26. Holistic Metabolic Monitoring

If monitoring blood sugar, be aware that it primarily indicates carb response; consider other metrics (like fat levels/triglycerides and inflammation) for a complete picture, as relying solely on blood sugar can be misleading.

27. Reconsider Fish Oil Supplements

Do not rely on omega-3 fish oil supplements for heart disease reduction, as randomized trials have not shown a clear benefit for heart disease.

28. Avoid Reductionist Food Views

Avoid a reductionist view of food, where you focus on single nutrients or “superfoods,” as whole foods contain complex interactions of hundreds of chemicals that cannot be replicated by isolating one nutrient.

29. Critical & Holistic Diet Approach

Approach dietary advice with a critical, scientific mindset, trying things for yourself while always considering long-term health and the gut microbiome.

30. Increase Plant-Based Foods

Eat more plants, fruits, and vegetables, as this is a core nutrition advice that most experts agree on.

31. Empower Patients in Health Choices

As a healthcare professional, encourage patients to think for themselves about their health choices and trust their own knowledge, as this leads to better long-term outcomes.

32. Question Dietary Dogma

Question established dietary dogmas and find what works for your individual body, as many traditional rules may not be universally beneficial.

33. Adjust Meal Timing to Rhythm

Experiment with meal timing, including skipping breakfast or having a larger evening meal, to find what aligns with your individual circadian rhythm and metabolic response, as these can vary significantly between individuals.

34. Try Intermittent Fasting (5-2 Diet)

Consider intermittent fasting methods like the 5-2 diet, where you have two non-consecutive days of significantly reduced calories, as it can help reduce overall food intake without feeling overly restricted.

35. Maintain Food Quality During Fasting

If practicing intermittent fasting, focus on eating normal, natural foods on “hungry days” rather than artificial low-cal products, to maintain the quality of food intake and avoid introducing more processed chemicals.