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Tim Spector: The Latest Science on Gut Health (and How To Find The Right Diet For You) #291

Jul 12, 2022 1h 46m 16 insights
For the last in the current series of Feel Better Live More, I’m welcoming back someone I know you’ll love. Professor Tim Spector was my first-ever guest, and he returns for the third time today, with the very latest on gut health and personalised nutrition. Tim is a professor of genetic epidemiology and Head of the Department of Twin Research at King’s College London. He’s a world-leader when it comes to the gut microbiome – and Director of the British Gut Project – whose research has transformed what we know about food and health. Tim is author of two excellent books, The Diet Myth and Spoonfed: Why Everything You Know About Food Is Wrong. This conversation will bring you up to date with all Tim’s most recent findings and practical advice. But don’t worry if you’re new to the subject of gut health, as we also provide a need-to-know guide to get you up to speed. We start by discussing why gut health is such a hot topic. Tim explains that, unlike our genes, it’s something we can influence, thereby improving not just digestion but almost all aspects of our wellbeing. He reveals the gut-friendly properties of plant fibre, polyphenols and fermented foods. And because diversity is key, Tim shares some of his own food hacks for getting to 30 different plant foods a week. Tim believes the obesity crisis is more of a food crisis, fuelled by ultra-processed foods. We discuss a move towards counting quality instead of calories, and why the new mandatory calorie labels are unhelpful for most people. We also talk about personalised nutrition and the revolutionary PREDICT studies, carried out for Tim’s ZOE nutritional science company, which found people can have dramatically different biological responses to the same foods. The results have led him to develop a personalised nutrition testing kit and app that you can try too. Our conversation covers much more, including the benefits of time restricted eating for gut health, why skipping breakfast isn’t bad for you, and the pros and cons of health trackers. Tim also reveals the gut parasite that 1 in 4 of us have, which rather than making us ill, can actually have huge benefits for our health. This is a fascinating conversation; full of practical and actionable information. I hope you enjoy listening. Show notes https://drchatterjee.com/291 Order Dr Chatterjee's new book Happy Mind, Happy Life: UK version: https://amzn.to/304opgJ, US & Canada version: https://amzn.to/3DRxjgp
Actionable Insights

1. Prioritize Food Quality Over Calories

Shift your mindset from focusing on calorie counts and fat/sugar percentages to understanding the quality of food. Realize the difference between ultra-processed foods and whole foods, as quality significantly impacts your health regardless of calorie content.

2. Aim for 30 Diverse Plants Weekly

Strive to eat at least 30 different plant foods per week, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, herbs, and spices. This diversity feeds a wider range of gut microbes, which is crucial for overall gut health and bodily functions.

3. Incorporate Polyphenol-Rich Foods

Increase your intake of foods high in polyphenols, which are plant defense chemicals that nourish your gut microbes and dampen inflammation. Good sources include coffee, dark chocolate, red wine, extra virgin olive oil, nuts, seeds, and brightly colored berries and loose-leaf lettuces.

4. Consume Live Fermented Foods Daily

Regularly include small amounts of live fermented foods in your diet, such as kefir, kombucha, sauerkraut, kimchi, miso, tempeh, and real cheese (especially blue or fungal varieties). Ensure they contain live microbes and avoid those with vinegar that kill beneficial bacteria, aiming for daily intake rather than occasional large portions.

5. Adopt Time-Restricted Eating

Experiment with time-restricted eating by compressing your daily mealtimes into a shorter window, ideally around 10 hours of eating and 14 hours of not eating. This approach can be more beneficial for metabolic health than eating frequently throughout the day.

6. Rethink Your Breakfast Timing

Challenge the traditional idea that breakfast is universally the most important meal. Experiment with skipping breakfast or having it later in the day (e.g., as brunch) to see how it affects your hunger and energy levels, and to support time-restricted eating.

7. Optimize Sleep & Exercise for Diet

Prioritize good sleep and regular physical activity, as these lifestyle factors significantly influence your body’s response to food. Poor sleep can lead to greater blood sugar spikes from identical meals, while exercise can help lower them.

8. Understand Food Structure & Processing

Choose less refined and less processed foods, as their intact structure slows down energy release and reduces blood sugar spikes. For example, opt for steel-cut oats over instant porridge, and be aware that even healthy foods like sweet potatoes can have different impacts depending on their preparation.

9. Consider Personalized Nutrition Testing

Explore personalized nutrition testing, such as the Zoe program (joinzoe.com), which uses continuous glucose monitoring, blood fat tests, and gut microbiome analysis. This can provide tailored insights into how your unique body responds to different foods and guide personalized meal plans.

10. Insightful Glucose Monitoring

If using a continuous glucose monitor, do so for a short, guided period (e.g., two weeks) to gain valuable insights into your body’s specific food responses. Avoid becoming overly obsessive or making reductionist dietary changes, and seek clear guidance for accurate interpretation.

11. Listen to Your Body’s Signals

Practice mindful eating and self-observation by paying close attention to your hunger and energy levels throughout the day. Keep a diary to note how different foods make you feel, especially if personalized testing is not an option.

12. Embrace a Flexible Health Journey

Adopt a flexible, long-term approach to health and dietary changes, understanding that it’s a journey, not a quick fix. Focus on what you can consistently change and don’t get discouraged by occasional deviations from your goals.

13. Add Mushrooms to Your Diet

Incorporate mushrooms into your diet as they are an excellent source of protein and nutrition, offering diverse benefits for your health and potentially contributing to planetary sustainability.

14. Gradually Add Plants to Carnivore

For individuals following a carnivore diet who feel well, consider gradually introducing small, regular amounts of diverse plants, such as leafy greens, nuts, seeds, and mushrooms, to support long-term gut microbiome diversity.

15. Revisit Podcast Back Catalogue

During podcast breaks, delve into the back catalog of episodes. Re-listening can offer new insights and perspectives as your personal life context and understanding evolve.

16. Apply for Podcast Production

If you are a skilled sound engineer or editor who aligns with the podcast’s mission, consider applying for production roles by emailing info@drchastity.com with ‘sound engineer’ in the subject line.