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The Truth About Sugar, Alcohol, Caffeine, Protein & Exercise with Neuroscientist Dr Tommy Wood #404

Nov 22, 2023 2h 3m 26 insights
This extra special – and slightly different – episode of the podcast is for anyone who’s ever felt confused about best practice for good health. If you’ve wondered which diet is the best one for your health, or if you are confused about how much protein you should be consuming - or whether a little bit of alcohol has any health benefit at all - then I have just the guest for you.  Dr Tommy Wood is Assistant Professor of Paediatrics and Neuroscience at the University of Washington, US. He holds a degree in biochemistry from Cambridge, a medical degree from Oxford, achieved his PhD in physiology and neuroscience in Oslo, and has published papers and lectured across the globe. It’s fair to say that when it comes to health and longevity, Tommy knows what he’s talking about. And that’s exactly why I invited him back onto my podcast for the third time.  He, like myself, is passionate about empowering individuals to take control of their health by simplifying the wealth of information that exists and giving people practical, realistic recommendations. In today’s conversation, Tommy and I work through a list of common areas of confusion when it comes to our wellbeing. And together we try to put the received wisdom in context, summarise the evidence, and then give nuanced, practical advice. We begin with alcohol, and Tommy explains that while there are no proven health benefits to drinking it, there are caveats. And that becomes a theme for this conversation. Nothing is all good, or all bad - context is always key. Next, we cover caffeine and its effect on performance, cognitive function, gut health, stress and, again, sleep. Then we dive deep into the hot topic of sugar, ultra-processed foods, continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) and other trackers. We go on to tackle protein, the minimum effective dose for exercise, the importance of building muscle, and the supplements we might want to consider taking. And for every subject we cover, Tommy exposes the common pitfalls in research methods and tells us what the science can show, but also what it can’t.    There are so many mixed messages out there when it comes to our health. Our hope is that this conversation offers a valuable lesson in critical thinking and context, and highlights the importance of taking a personalised approach to your health.  Support the podcast and enjoy Ad-Free episodes. Try FREE for 7 days on Apple Podcasts https://apple.co/feelbetterlivemore. For other podcast platforms go to https://fblm.supercast.com. Thanks to our
Actionable Insights

1. Prioritize Minimally Processed Foods

Make the majority of your diet consist of minimally processed and nutrient-dense foods to support overall body function and ensure adequate nutrient intake.

2. Increase Protein Intake

Aim for 1.2 to 1.5 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight daily, structuring meals around 20-40 grams of protein to enhance satiety, reduce overeating, and maintain muscle mass, especially as you age.

3. Reduce Sedentary Time Daily

Actively seek opportunities to sit less throughout your day, incorporating ‘movement snacks’ like quick walks or stair climbs hourly, or using a standing desk to improve overall health.

4. Incorporate Resistance Training

Add resistance training (e.g., bodyweight exercises, weights, yoga, Pilates) to your routine, progressively challenging yourself to build and maintain functional strength and muscle mass, which is crucial for metabolic health and preventing falls as you age.

5. Aim for 150 Minutes Activity Weekly

Strive for at least 150 minutes per week of moderate to vigorous physical activity, which can be broken up into any enjoyable and sustainable form of movement, to significantly improve cognitive function and overall health.

6. Consider Creatine Supplementation

Routinely consider supplementing with 5-10 grams per day of creatine monohydrate for its broad benefits on cognitive performance, mood, strength, and bone health, with greater benefits observed as you get older.

7. Limit Alcohol Consumption

Restrict alcohol intake to one or two drinks, one or two times a week, as anything above this may be detrimental to brain and overall health, while lower amounts are likely fine.

8. Be Mindful of Caffeine Timing

Time your caffeine intake carefully to avoid negative impacts on sleep; consider not consuming caffeine after midday if you are sensitive to its effects.

9. Reduce Ultra-Processed Food Intake

Decrease consumption of highly processed, packaged foods because they are nutrient-poor, calorie-dense, disrupt hunger/satiety signals, and are designed to be overconsumed.

10. Pair Carbs with Protein

To manage blood sugar spikes from carbohydrates, consider strategies like specific food timing or pairing carbohydrates with protein to help lower the blood sugar response.

11. Increase Daily Walking

Increase your daily walking, especially brisk walking, aiming for 8,000 to 14,000 steps per day for optimal benefits in reducing mortality and disease risk, with significant improvements seen even within the 0-10,000 range.

12. Test Homocysteine Levels

If concerned about brain or cardiovascular health, consider testing your homocysteine levels, as elevated levels can indicate a need for B vitamins like B12, folate, B6, and B2.

13. Supplement Key Vitamins

Consider supplementing with essential vitamins like Vitamin D and certain B vitamins (B12, folate, B6, B2), especially if you have deficiencies or are taking medications like proton pump inhibitors or metformin that can impact B12 levels.

14. Experiment with Alcohol-Free Weeks

Try a week without alcohol to observe its personal impact on your sleep and energy levels, as alcohol often disrupts sleep without people realizing it.

15. Use Non-Alcoholic Alternatives

Replace alcoholic drinks with non-alcoholic cocktails or beers to maintain social rituals and feelings of relaxation without the physiological downsides of alcohol.

16. Evaluate Caffeine’s Impact

Re-evaluate your relationship with caffeine if it causes negative symptoms like palpitations, anxiety, poor sleep, or moodiness, as these indicate it may be detrimental to your well-being.

17. Perform Supplement Due Diligence

When buying any supplement, look for third-party testing certifications (e.g., Informed Sport) to ensure purity, avoid unwanted impurities, and verify quality.

18. Reflect on Habit Justification

Be honest with yourself about justifying habits like alcohol consumption; if you find yourself bargaining, it might be a sign to consider alternatives or deeper reflection on your relationship with the habit.

19. Consider Stress Load with Exercise

Factor your overall stress load into your exercise choices; high-intensity workouts on top of a stressful life can be counterproductive, suggesting a need for balance with lower-intensity activities.

20. Understand Intensity-Time Principle

Recognize that exercise benefits are proportional to ‘intensity times time’; higher intensity allows for shorter workouts, while lower intensity requires longer durations to achieve similar health outcomes.

21. Avoid Extreme Endurance Training Initially

Do not start your fitness journey with very long, hard endurance exercise, as it can be overly taxing and may not provide the same broad benefits as other forms of movement, especially for beginners.

22. Focus on Functional Strength

Prioritize developing functional strength proportional to your muscle mass, as this is more predictive of cognitive function and lower mortality risk than muscle size alone.

23. Maintain Activity During Calorie Restriction

If you are calorie restricting or fasting, maintain regular physical activity to preferentially preserve muscle tissue and prevent its breakdown for energy.

24. Embrace Enjoyment, Not Worry

If you choose to consume something potentially less healthy, fully lean into the enjoyment of the moment, as the stress of worrying about its health effects might be more detrimental than the consumption itself.

25. Use CGMs for Short-Term Insight

Consider wearing a continuous glucose monitor for a short period (e.g., two weeks) to gain personalized insights into how specific foods affect your blood sugar, which can be a powerful learning tool for dietary change.

26. Be Cautious with Health Trackers

Assess your personality and tendencies before using health trackers like CGMs or step counters; they can be motivating for some but lead to obsession and stress for others.