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The Truth About Calories with Dr Herman Pontzer #191

Jun 15, 2021 1h 24m 20 insights
We’ve been told that the more we move, the more calories we will burn but today’s guest is here to explain why this way of thinking is wrong. Dr Herman Pontzer is an evolutionary biologist who researches how our deep past shaped the way our bodies work today.   Over the past 20 years, Herman has conducted ground-breaking research across a range of settings, including pioneering fieldwork where he lived with the Hadza hunter-gatherers in northern Tanzania. The Hadza are considered one of the last hunter-gatherer tribes in the world and provide a unique insight into the way we used to live.   In our conversation today and in his new book, Burn: The Misunderstood Science of Metabolism, Herman reveals his findings that despite the fact that Hadza men and women get between five and ten times more physical activity every day than most women in the USA or Europe, their total energy expenditure – the amount of calories they burn – is the same.   Exercise does not increase our metabolism. Instead, we burn calories within a very narrow range: nearly 3,000 calories per day for men and 2,400 calories for women, no matter our activity level. In fact, our metabolism - the way our body burns energy – affects every aspect of our biology from our pace of growth, reproduction and ageing to our weight and health. If we burn more energy in one area, our bodies will adjust by spending less energy in another. But all this doesn’t mean that you shouldn’t exercise. Far from it. Herman explains why movement is essential for humans.   We also discuss what the real paleo diet looks like and how many of us have been seduced into expecting every meal to be mind-blowingly tasty. Finally, Herman describes what it was like living with the Hadza and shares the lessons he learned from observing this ancient way of life. This is an enthralling episode and I hope you enjoy listening. Show notes available at https://drchatterjee.com/191 Follow me on instagram.com/drchatterjee/ Follow me on facebook.com/DrChatterjee/ Follow me on twitter.com/drchatterjeeuk
Actionable Insights

1. Prioritize Diet for Weight Loss

For significant fat loss and changing the number on the scale, focus primarily on diet changes, as diet does “all the heavy lifting” in weight loss.

2. Untangle Exercise from Weight Loss

Separate the goal of exercise from the goal of weight loss to avoid feelings of failure and damage to self-esteem, as exercise alone is often ineffective for significant weight loss.

3. Movement Essential for Health

Understand that movement is essential for human bodies to function properly, a legacy of our hunter-gatherer past, even if not primarily for calorie burning.

4. Exercise to Reduce Chronic Inflammation

Engage in regular physical activity to reduce chronic, damaging inflammation, as the body diverts energy away from unnecessary immune responses when more is spent on exercise.

5. Spend More Time Outdoors

Make an effort to get outside more often, ideally with friends, to move your body, get fresh air and vitamin D, and distance yourself from the refrigerator, countering the modern tendency to spend 90% of life indoors.

6. Nurture Personal Connections

Prioritize and nurture personal connections in your life, as these social bonds are deeply important for human well-being and a legacy of our ancestral past.

7. Prioritize Life Balance

Reflect on your priorities and choose to balance work with time for family, adequate sleep, and exercise, rather than working excessively and neglecting health.

8. Avoid “Earn Your Doughnuts” Mindset

Do not think you can “earn” unhealthy food by exercising more, as your body’s metabolic adjustments mean exercise doesn’t raise total expenditure as much as commonly believed, leading to potential weight gain.

9. Boost Self-Esteem with Manageable Exercise

Engage in short, manageable bursts of physical activity (e.g., 10 bicep curls while making a hot drink) to quickly boost self-esteem and self-worth, which can help maintain overall health efforts.

10. Prioritize Unprocessed Foods for Satiety

Focus on consuming real, unprocessed foods, as they make it harder to overeat and allow your brain to better signal when you are full.

11. Simplify Meal Expectations

Adopt a mindset where food is simply “food,” rather than expecting every meal to be a phenomenally beautiful and taste-bud-tingling experience, as this can lead to overeating processed foods.

12. Metabolic Adjustment to Exercise

Recognize that when you exercise more, your body adjusts by spending less energy in other areas (e.g., immune function, stress response, reproductive system) to maintain a consistent total daily calorie burn.

13. Exercise for Weight Maintenance

After losing weight (usually through diet), use exercise as a helpful tool to keep the weight off, as it aids in regulation and matching intake at a new weight.

14. Avoid Extreme Inactivity

Ensure you are not extremely inactive, as a complete lack of exercise can lead to dysregulation issues that contribute to overeating.

15. Exercise to Reduce Stress Response

Engage in regular exercise to suppress the stress response (e.g., lower epinephrine and cortisol surges), which is beneficial for overall health.

16. Exercise for Hormonal Regulation

Regular exercise can lead to healthy, slightly lower levels of testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone levels, contributing to energy savings and overall regulation.

17. Practice Sharing within Your Group

Embrace sharing food and resources within your community, as it is a fundamental human trait that strengthens social bonds and ensures everyone has access to energy.

18. Calorie Burn Independent of Speed

Understand that for a given distance, the total calories burned while walking or running are roughly the same, regardless of speed.

19. Consider Swimming/Climbing for Higher Calorie Burn

If your goal is to burn more calories per unit of distance or vertical height, consider activities like swimming or climbing, as they are significantly more energetically costly than walking or running.

20. Recognize Brain’s Tendency to Overeat

Understand that our brains, evolved for diets of unprocessed foods, are prone to overeating in a modern world with constant access to highly palatable, delicious food.