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The Science of Longevity: Why Healthspan Matters More Than Lifespan with Dr Peter Attia #356

Apr 25, 2023 2h 27m 11 insights
No one would argue that smoking is a killer. And no doctor would wait until a patient was showing early signs of cancer or heart disease before advising them to quit. Yet this is one of the few health scenarios where early prevention is given the evidence-based weight it deserves. Today’s guest believes that needs to change. Dr Peter Attia is a medical doctor, a longevity expert and author of the brand new book Outlive: The Science and Art of Longevity. He gained his medical degree at Stanford University, trained in general surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital, and was a surgical oncology fellow at the US National Cancer Institute. He’s also on the editorial board for the journal Aging and host of The Drive podcast, which covers health, medicine, and longevity. Peter is not interested in reaching unheard-of age milestones or hitting birthdays in triple figures – unless he can do it with full vitality. He believes our focus needs to be on the quality of life we’re living; our healthspan rather than our lifespan. We talk about the evolution of medicine and we discuss the limitations of current practice. Peter calls this ‘medicine 2.0’ and describes it as adept at dealing with ‘fast death' from trauma and infection. But it’s failing to counter our declining life expectancy or deal with the prevalence of chronic disease. Peter shares what he calls the ‘four horsemen’ of the health apocalypse – namely the 4 disease states, that will end up taking most of our lives: atherosclerosis, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic dysfunction. Our objective, he says, should be to die ‘with’ disease, not ‘of’ disease and a huge part of Peter’s philosophy is about aggressively taking action to delay the onset of these four horsemen. But, to do that, we will need to take a different approach, which Peter calls, ‘medicine 3.0’. In our wide-ranging conversation, Peter shares which investigations and tests he thinks we should all be doing and he explains why when it comes to longevity, exercise is the most important area to focus on.  We also discuss the vital importance of emotional health and, Peter talks openly about his own struggles with extreme perfectionism and shares some of the tools that he uses daily to help. I loved having the opportunity to connect with Peter during this in-depth and enlightening chat. I hope you enjoy listening. Support the podcast and enjoy Ad-Free episodes. Try FREE for 7 days on Apple Podcasts https://apple.co/feelbetterlivemore. For other podcast platforms go to https://fblm.supercast.com. Thanks to our
Actionable Insights

1. Adopt Medicine 3.0 Mindset

Shift your approach to health from reactive (Medicine 2.0) to proactive (Medicine 3.0) by aggressively taking action to delay the onset of the “four horsemen” (atherosclerosis, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and metabolic dysfunction) rather than waiting for diseases to set in. This involves making consistent changes over decades to compound benefits.

2. Make Exercise Your Top Priority

Recognize exercise as the most potent longevity intervention due to its profound impact on all-cause mortality, exceeding that of many disease conditions. Focus on improving cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 max), strength, and muscle mass, as these metrics have the widest impact on lifespan and healthspan.

3. Obtain Comprehensive Health Data

Invest in understanding your baseline health by getting key metrics like VO2 max and appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) via a DEXA scan. Use this data to drive personalized training and lifestyle adjustments, focusing disproportionately on areas where your metrics are weakest.

4. Lower Atherosclerosis Risk Early

Understand and aggressively manage your risk of atherosclerosis, which is the leading cause of death globally. Measure ApoB (or non-HDL cholesterol as a surrogate) and aim for levels at or below the 20th percentile, especially if young, to reduce lifetime exposure and delay disease onset.

5. Routinely Monitor Blood Pressure

Measure your blood pressure accurately at home twice daily (morning/evening) for at least two weeks using a high-quality monitor and a strict protocol (sitting comfortably, legs uncrossed, not speaking for 5 minutes, cuff at heart level). Aim to maintain an average blood pressure better than 120/80, primarily using lifestyle interventions like exercise, weight loss, and sleep improvements before considering pharmacology.

6. Optimize Metabolic Health with CGM

Consider using a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) for a period to gain real-time insight into how diet, sleep, exercise, and stress impact your blood glucose and glucose variability. This tool can be powerful for behavioral change and understanding that optimal blood glucose is lower than what is considered merely “normal,” but avoid if you have a history of disordered eating.

7. Cultivate Emotional Resilience

Prioritize emotional health as it significantly impacts your ability to make and sustain lifestyle changes and can improve with age. Actively work on widening your “distress tolerance window” through practices like therapy, journaling, and checking in with supportive friends.

8. Rewire Negative Self-Talk

To combat destructive inner monologues, practice speaking to yourself with the same kindness and support you would offer a close friend who made a mistake. Say these supportive words out loud and consider an accountability partner (not a romantic one) to help ensure consistency in this practice.

9. Ensure Adequate Sleep

Recognize adequate sleep as a fundamental determinant of healthspan and lifespan. Prioritize getting sufficient sleep, as it profoundly impacts blood sugar regulation, stress levels, and overall well-being.

10. Maintain Adequate Protein Intake

Ensure you are consuming adequate protein daily, especially if you are focusing on strength training or managing body composition. This is a crucial recommendation for overall health and muscle maintenance.

11. Assess Habits with Nuance

Critically evaluate all health habits by considering their context, trade-offs, and opportunity costs (especially time). Avoid binary thinking about “good” or “bad” interventions, and instead, apply the right tool at the right time, understanding that extreme or unbalanced approaches can lead to unintended negative consequences. Aim for consistent “seven out of ten” effort rather than sporadic “ten out of ten” efforts.