← Feel Better, Live More with Dr Rangan Chatterjee

The New Science Of Memory, How to Remember What Matters & Why We're Designed To Forget with Dr Charan Ranganath #444

Apr 16, 2024 2h 18m 42 insights
We often think about our memories as a record of the past – but what if they’re only a selective and evolving version of it? Today’s guest is a world-leading memory expert who has a surprising message: we’re not supposed to remember everything. In fact, our brains are designed to forget. And much of what you experience today will be lost by tomorrow.   Dr Charan Ranganath is Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience and Director of the Dynamic Memory Lab at the University of California at Davis.  For more than 25 years, he has studied the mechanisms in the brain that allow us to remember past events, using brain imaging techniques, computational modelling and research on patients with memory disorders. The occasion for his appearance on my podcast is the publication of his wonderful new book, Why We Remember: The Science of Memory and How it Shapes Us, which challenges, educates and enlightens, on so much of what we thought to be true about memories.   In this fascinating conversation, he explains that the seemingly selective and unreliable nature of human memory doesn't reveal laziness, distraction or early dementia. Instead, it shows that our brains have not evolved to keep a comprehensive record of events. Rather than live in the past, the brain’s job is to extract the information it needs, to guide our futures.   We also discuss how memories create our sense of self. We learn that our memory is an unreliable narrator but that we can use this to our advantage. By changing our perspective on traumatic experiences, we can feel differently about them in the present – a theory on which many forms of therapy are based.   We also discuss our brain’s ability to change – its plasticity – and how we’re most likely to remember life’s emotional experiences as well as its new and surprising ones. Charan explains why music and smells are evocative cues, why it’s never too late to learn new skills, and why forgetting is a sign of an efficient brain - in fact, one of Charan’s key insights is that we shouldn’t strive to remember more, but to remember better.    This is a fascinating conversation, full of fresh ideas, wisdom and practical advice about a topic that deeply matters to all of us. Find out more about my NEW Journal here https://drchatterjee.com/journal Support the podcast and enjoy Ad-Free episodes. Try FREE for 7 days on Apple Podcasts https://apple.co/feelbetterlivemore. For other podcast platforms go to https://fblm.supercast.com. Thanks to our
Actionable Insights

1. Be Architect of Your Health

Recognize that you are the architect of your own health and that making lifestyle changes is always worthwhile for feeling better and living more.

2. Control Memory, Don’t Be Controlled

Use memory as a co-pilot, not the driver, by pausing to evaluate its influence and directing it towards your goals, preventing it from feeding biases or bad habits.

3. Remember Better, Not More

Optimize brain function by consciously letting go of unimportant details and organizing to hold onto what truly matters, focusing on quality over quantity of memories.

4. Change Worldview with Plasticity

Leverage your brain’s neuroplasticity to actively change your worldview and perceptions, rather than being a victim to past ways of thinking.

5. Embrace Aging’s New Stages

Change your perspective on aging and cognition by embracing it as a new stage of life, focusing on who you want to be as a senior rather than trying to replicate your younger self.

6. Reframe Traumatic Experiences

Actively change your perspective on traumatic experiences to alter how you feel about them in the present, a core principle in many therapeutic approaches.

7. Reframe Negative Interpretations

Reframe your interpretation of negative past experiences to learn from them, recognize your resilience, and overcome challenges, rather than letting them form a harmful negative story.

8. Convert Bad Experiences to Stories

Actively work to convert initially negative or horrible experiences into positive, shareable stories, finding growth and humor in them over time.

9. Discuss Traumatic Memories Empathetically

Exchange traumatic memories, especially those associated with shame and guilt, with an empathetic person to find new perspectives and foster growth.

10. Adopt Third-Person Perspective

When experiencing negative ruminations or regrets, try to look at the situation from a third-person or outside perspective to regulate emotions.

11. Shift Perspective for Memory Access

Actively change your perspective on past events to access different details and aspects of those memories that were previously inaccessible.

12. Practice Empathy for Others

Cultivate empathy by adopting the belief that if you were another person, you would act the same, considering their life and past to understand their worldview.

13. Recall Positives for Present Action

When preparing for a challenge or aiming to embody a certain trait, recall past instances of success or altruism to feel better and increase desired behavior.

14. Practice Gratitude and Reflection

Actively engage in self-reflective practices like journaling or weekly reflection, focusing on positives and gratitude, to proactively choose to remember good experiences.

15. Small Gratitude, Big Impact

When practicing gratitude, begin by focusing on very small, mundane positive events from your day, as this can create a snowball effect, making it easier to access other positive memories.

16. Embrace Forgetting as Normal

Understand and accept that forgetting most daily experiences is normal and even optimal for brain function, rather than viewing it as a problem.

17. Embrace Struggle for Learning

Embrace the feeling of struggle when learning new things, as this indicates you are learning the most, especially when accompanied by feedback.

18. Novelty & Struggle for Openness

Expose yourself to novelty and mental struggle to prevent your brain from overfitting to predictability and to develop more openness to new and unexpected information.

19. Seek Novelty for Brain Plasticity

Actively seek out new and novel experiences, especially as you get older, to take advantage of the brain’s natural plasticity and prevent rigidity.

20. Lifelong Learning for Brain Health

Continuously learn new things and expose your brain to novel input, especially as you age or retire, to maintain neuroplasticity and prevent cognitive decline.

21. Avoid Avoiding Social Settings

Do not avoid social settings or interactions due to fear, as avoidance can make these situations feel even trickier and lead to further down-regulation of your brain’s adaptability.

22. Full Engagement for Strong Memories

To create strong, lasting memories, fully engage with the present moment by focusing on the sights, sounds, feelings, and social context, rather than getting stuck in your head.

23. Document Emotions for Memory Cues

When capturing experiences, focus on documenting emotions and the social context (e.g., photos with friends) to plant effective memory cues that can later trigger richer recollections.

24. Selective Photos Enhance Memory

Use photos selectively to focus on specific sites or moments you wish to capture, which can enhance your memory and provide better access to those events later.

25. Revisit Documentation to Solidify Memory

Be selective in your documentation (e.g., photos, journaling) and regularly revisit these reminders to trigger memory retrieval and solidify those memories over time.

26. Avoid Mindless Tech Documentation

Be mindful of how you interact with technology; avoid mindlessly documenting experiences through your phone, as this can change the experience itself and hinder genuine memory formation.

27. Limit Alcohol for Memory

Limit alcohol consumption, especially during significant experiences, as it blocks brain plasticity and can lead to blackouts or blurry memories.

28. Aerobic Exercise for Brain Health

Engage in aerobic exercise to improve blood flow, glucose metabolism, potentially increase neurogenesis, reduce stress, inflammation, sleep, and emotion regulation, all benefiting memory.

29. Positive Attitude for Exercise

Approach exercise with a positive attitude; if it causes stress or you hate it, it may be counterproductive, so aim for holistic enjoyment rather than rigid adherence.

30. Holistic Health Over Supplements

Prioritize big-picture holistic health, including maintaining cardiac health (avoiding hypertension, managing cholesterol) and healthy blood sugar levels, over relying on individual supplements.

31. Eat Well for Memory

Consume a good quality diet to support and help maintain healthy memory function.

32. Nurture Gut for Memory

Maintain a healthy gut microbiome, as it interacts with the brain and can influence memory and brain structure, being affected by factors like diet, stress, and illness.

33. Utilize Hearing Aids for Cognition

If you have hearing deficits, use hearing aids to potentially stall cognitive decline by reducing brain noise, improving focus, and increasing engagement with the world.

34. Pause and Breathe Under Stress

When stressed and struggling to remember (e.g., finding keys), take a deep breath and pause to ground yourself, as this can be more effective than panicking.

35. Reframe Stress Perception

Understand that your mindset and how you frame experiences determine whether an event is stressful; actively reframe perceptions to mitigate negative long-term effects on brain function.

36. Share Wisdom in Old Age

As you age, focus on sharing accumulated wisdom, teaching younger generations, and passing on traditions and cultural knowledge, rather than solely on forming new personal memories.

37. Teach to Learn and Retain

Teach information to others, as this practice not only helps them but also enhances your own learning and retention of that information.

38. Manage Traumatic Memories

Aim to experience traumatic memories in a tolerable, manageable, and limited way, rather than trying to completely let go of them.

39. Reprogram Fear with Repetition

Use sheer repetition, as in behavior therapy, to reprogram physiological fear responses and overwrite the sense of threat associated with traumatic memories.

40. Overcome Fear by Exposure

Repeatedly expose yourself to feared situations (e.g., driving if afraid) to gradually suppress the fear response and learn that the environment is safe.

41. Separate Memory from Emotion

Understand that the factual content of memories is distinct from the stories and emotions you attach to them, which can be useful for treatment and personal growth.

Understand that the brain and body are interconnected, and your internal bodily context (e.g., physical sensations, hormones) is part of an event’s context, influencing memory.