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The Latest Science of Gut Health: What To Eat, When To Eat & Why You Don’t Need 30 Plant Foods Per Week with Dr Emily Leeming #508

Jan 8, 2025 1h 44m 36 insights
Twenty years ago, very few scientists even knew about something called the gut microbiome. Now, with over 70,000 research papers published on the subject, this complex ecosystem, home to trillions of microorganisms, is recognised as a key factor in our physical and mental wellbeing.   Today's guest is Dr Emily Leeming, microbiome scientist and researcher at King’s College London, registered dietitian, former chef, and author of Genius Gut: The Life-Changing Science of Eating for your Second Brain.   In this conversation, Emily explains how our understanding of gut health has evolved dramatically over the past two decades, to the point where we now know it plays a crucial role in everything from our immune system, our ability to respond to stress, our skin and even our mental wellbeing.   But, how can we assess the state of our own gut health? Emily shares how observing your own bowel movements can often tell you more about your gut health than costly microbiome tests and why some bloating after meals may actually be a sign of a healthy gut.   We also discuss how our gut health has been negatively impacted by our modern lifestyles - stress, sleep quality, our modern diets as well as the timing of our meals. And, Emily shares why time-restricted eating and earlier dinner times can be really beneficial.   Finally, Emily also gives some really practical advice about what we can eat to improve the state of our gut health, and explains why breakfast offers us a golden opportunity to support our gut health and why she is not a fan of recommending that everyone eat 30 different plant foods each week. Emily is someone who is highly knowledgeable and passionate about helping us all improve the health of our guts. Her message is clear: nurturing our gut microbiome is not about following rigid rules - it's about understanding this remarkable ecosystem and working with it, not against it. I hope you enjoy listening.   Support the podcast and enjoy Ad-Free episodes. This January, try FREE for 30 days on Apple Podcasts https://apple.co/feelbetterlivemore. For other podcast platforms go to https://fblm.supercast.com.   Thanks to our
Actionable Insights

1. Prioritize Stress, Sleep, Movement

Recognize stress management, adequate sleep, and regular movement as fundamental pillars for overall health, including gut health.

2. Influence Your Gut Microbiome

Understand that while genes are unchangeable, the gut microbiome can be influenced, offering a powerful tool to improve overall health.

3. Prioritize Daily Well-being

Focus on how you feel every day—your energy, mood, and cognition—as the primary indicators of your health, rather than solely preventing future illness.

4. Personalize Health Advice

Adapt all health advice to fit your unique life and lifestyle, focusing on what makes you feel good and aiming for consistent practice “most days” rather than rigid perfection.

5. Nurture Your Gut Microbes

Frame self-care as nurturing your gut microbes, treating them like a “Tamagotchi” that needs looking after, which will consequently make you feel better.

6. Increase Daily Fiber Intake

Aim to consume 30 grams of fiber per day, as it’s crucial for feeding your gut microbiome and overall health, and most people are significantly under this recommendation.

7. Consume Prebiotic Fibers

Actively seek out and consume prebiotic fibers found in foods like beans, onions, garlic, leeks, and asparagus, as they feed your gut microbes, leading to beneficial anti-inflammatory molecules.

8. Eat BGBGs Daily

Make “BGBGs” (Beans, Greens, Berries, Grains, Nuts & Seeds) an everyday or most-day part of your diet, as these high-fiber foods provide an easy and consistent fiber boost for your gut microbes.

9. Half-Plate Rule for Veg/Fruit

Aim for half of your plate at meals to be filled with vegetables or fruit, a simple and practical way to increase fiber and nutrient intake without overthinking.

10. Prioritize Non-Starchy Vegetables

Focus on filling half your plate with non-starchy vegetables for satiety, fiber intake, and managing weight or insulin resistance; sweet potatoes can be included for their polyphenols.

11. Consume Diverse Polyphenol Foods

Include a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables (a “rainbow of foods”) to get different polyphenols, which feed your gut microbes and support overall health.

12. Choose Affordable Gut-Healthy Foods

Prioritize incorporating affordable foods known to support a healthy microbiome, such as onions, garlic, and black beans, to make impactful dietary changes accessible.

13. Prioritize Simple Gut Health Practices

Avoid overcomplicating gut health; focus on simple, practical core principles like adding onions/garlic to meals or sprinkling herbs, nuts, and seeds on food, as these make the biggest impact.

14. Adopt a 10-12 Hour Eating Window

Aim to consume all your meals within a 10 to 12-hour eating window each day, as this practice is associated with a more diverse microbiome, improved mood, better energy, and enhanced cognition.

15. Eat Dinner Earlier

Try to eat dinner earlier, ideally not within an hour or two of bedtime, to align with your body’s natural clock, improve sleep quality, and potentially lower stress hormones.

16. Maintain Good Hydration

Ensure adequate hydration for gut and brain health, checking your hydration status by observing your urine color, which should be a pale lemonade hue.

17. Incorporate Fermented Foods

Try to include fermented foods, particularly kefir, in most of your days, as emerging research suggests a connection between fermented foods and improved relational memory.

18. Leverage Breakfast for Gut Health

View breakfast as a key opportunity to boost gut health by ensuring it’s rich in fiber and micronutrients, as skipping it can make it harder to meet your daily fiber goals.

19. Add Surprising High-Fiber Foods

Include surprising high-fiber foods like avocado (8g fiber/avocado), dark chocolate (11g fiber/100g, 70%+ cocoa), and rye pumpernickel bread (7g fiber/slice) into your diet. Regularly use nuts and seeds.

20. Leverage Meal Prep & Leftovers

Use meal prepping on weekends and embrace leftovers as a health tool to make healthy eating easier and more convenient, especially for facilitating earlier dinner times.

21. Observe Bowel Movements for Gut Health

Regularly check your stool in the toilet bowl as it provides a simple, free, and effective way to assess your gut health, often more informative than expensive microbiome tests.

22. Identify Healthy Bowel Movements

Aim for bowel movements between three times a day and three times a week, with a smooth sausage or cracked sausage appearance and a brown color, as these indicate a healthy gut.

23. Achieve Effortless Bowel Movements

Strive for bowel movements that are easy, quick, pain-free, require no pushing or straining, and leave you feeling completely evacuated.

24. Respect Bodily Urges

Avoid distractions, especially when going to the toilet, to pay attention to and respect your body’s urges, as ignoring them can worsen issues.

25. Use a Poo Stool

Prop your knees up with a “poo stool” when on the toilet to straighten your back end, making bowel movements easier and more efficient.

26. Consume Two Kiwis Daily

Incorporate two kiwis into your daily diet, as they are rich in fiber that helps smooth bowel movements.

27. Embrace Minor Post-Meal Bloating

Understand that a small amount of bloating within an hour after a meal can be a sign of a healthy, active gut microbiome feeding on fiber and polyphenols, producing gas as a natural byproduct.

28. Walk After Meals to Ease Bloating

If you experience bloating, go for a walk afterward, as movement can help ease discomfort and is generally healthy.

29. Resolve Bowel Issues with Lifestyle

Recognize that most problems with bowel movements like constipation or diarrhea can often be resolved through simple diet and lifestyle changes.

30. Consult Doctor for Blood in Stool

If you observe blood in your stool (black or red), consult your doctor immediately as it is a red flag that requires medical investigation.

31. Monitor Changes in Bowel Habits

Pay attention to any significant changes from your usual bowel movement frequency or consistency, even if still within the “normal” range, as this could signal a problem.

32. Integrate Feelings with Physical Signs

When assessing gut health, combine objective signs like stool appearance with subjective feelings such as bloating, lightness, heaviness, or fullness.

33. Choose Red Wine (If Drinking Alcohol)

If you choose to drink alcohol, opt for red wine in small amounts (maximum one glass a day) as it is rich in polyphenols and linked to a more diverse microbiome compared to other alcohol types, but note that it’s not recommended to start drinking for health benefits.

34. Consider AG1 for Gut Health

Explore AG1 as a daily health drink, as it contains five strains of gut bacteria shown to enrich the gut microbiome by increasing beneficial bacteria.

35. Utilize AG1 for Bacterial Nourishment

AG1 contains plant-based compounds and botanicals that serve as food sources for beneficial gut bacteria, making it a smart addition for influencing gut health through daily nutrition.

36. Claim AG1 Subscription Offer

For first-time subscribers, get a free AG1 flavor sampler, AGZ sampler, vitamin D3 and K2, and a welcome kit with your first AG1 subscription order by visiting drinkag1.com/livemore.