← Feel Better, Live More with Dr Rangan Chatterjee

Johann Hari on How To Reclaim Your Attention #228

Jan 12, 2022 2h 37m 32 insights
CAUTION: Contains swearing and themes of an adult nature.   Why have we lost our ability to focus? What are the causes? And, most importantly, how do we get it back? Today’s guest and author of the brilliant new book, Stolen Focus: Why You Can’t Pay Attention, went on a three-year journey to uncover the reasons why our teenagers now focus on one task for only 65 seconds, and why office workers on average manage only three minutes. Johann Hari interviewed more than 200 leading experts in the world on attention, and learned that everything we think about this subject is wrong.  We think our inability to focus is a personal failing – a flaw in each one of us. It is not. Johann argues that this has been done to all of us by powerful external forces. Our focus has been stolen. He discovered there are twelve causes of our modern-day attention crisis, all of which have robbed some of our attention. In this conversation, Johann explains some of those key causes and importantly he shares the steps that we need to take, both individually but also collectively as a society, to get our attention back.   This is such an important topic. Our ability to focus and pay attention plays a crucial role in every aspect of our life: reaching our goals, maintaining close relationships, thinking deeply, as well as our ability to be kind, compassionate and empathetic. Our ability to pay attention is at the very heart of living a happy and meaningful life.   This is a thoroughly engaging conversation and Johann has a unique gift for storytelling. I think you will really enjoy listening. Thanks to our
Actionable Insights

1. Reframe Focus Inability

Shift your mindset from viewing an inability to focus as a personal failing to understanding it as a consequence of powerful external forces acting upon you.

2. Recognize Attention’s Foundational Role

Understand that your ability to focus is crucial for achieving life goals, maintaining deep relationships, fostering self-connection, thinking deeply, and cultivating kindness, compassion, and empathy.

3. Prioritize Meaningful Activities

Engage in tasks that are personally meaningful to you, as attention comes more freely and effortlessly when purpose is present, facilitating a flow state.

4. Cultivate Deep Connections

Prioritize and foster strong connections with other human beings, as this builds resilience against various forms of ‘addiction’ (including compulsive tech use) and improves overall well-being.

5. Respect Biological Needs

Acknowledge and meet fundamental biological needs like adequate sleep, regular movement, and genuine connection, rather than treating yourself like a machine, to prevent ‘frustrated biological objectives’ that impair attention.

6. Advocate for Systemic Change

Actively fight against the forces stealing collective attention by advocating for policy changes, such as banning harmful social media business models, implementing a ‘right to disconnect,’ and reforming education systems.

7. Minimize Task Switching

Avoid constant multitasking, as the human brain can only consciously focus on one thing at a time, and frequent switching depletes mental bandwidth, leading to more mistakes, reduced memory, and decreased creativity.

8. Create Uninterrupted Work Blocks

Structure your day to include periods of uninterrupted focus, as it takes approximately 23 minutes to regain full concentration after being disrupted by an interruption.

9. Prioritize Adequate Sleep

Ensure you get sufficient sleep (more than six hours, ideally nine hours per night) to maintain optimal attention and cognitive function, as sleep deprivation significantly impairs mental performance.

10. Implement Sleep Hygiene

Practice good sleep habits by keeping your phone out of the bedroom, avoiding screens for two hours before sleep, and ensuring your room is slightly cool to facilitate better rest.

11. Incorporate Slow Practices

Build ‘slow practices’ like meditation, yoga, Tai Chi, or a calm morning routine into your daily life to boost attention and focus by recalibrating your internal ’thermostat’ for speed.

12. Cultivate Mind-Wandering

Allocate time for unstructured thought and mind-wandering, as this is a crucial form of attention for making sense of experiences, anticipating the future, and fostering creativity.

13. Engage in Physical Exercise

Ensure regular physical exercise for both children and adults, as it massively boosts attention and focus, and a lack of movement can lead to deterioration in attention.

14. Use Pre-Commitment Strategies

Plan ahead to remove temptations and make desired behaviors easier to achieve, such as not buying unhealthy snacks if you aim to avoid eating them.

15. Limit News Consumption

Restrict your news intake to a single daily session (e.g., reading a physical newspaper once) to avoid the constant drip-feed of information that can cause anxiety and disrupt focus.

16. Utilize a K-Safe

Consider using a K-safe, a physical locking device, to enforce daily phone-free periods (e.g., four hours) to improve personal focus and reduce digital distractions.

17. Employ App/Website Blockers

Install and use software like ‘Freedom’ to block access to distracting websites and apps (e.g., Twitter, Instagram, Facebook) during dedicated work or focus times.

18. Physically Separate from Phone

When engaging in focused work, physically leave your phone in a different room or at home to eliminate the temptation of digital distractions.

19. Delegate Social Media Management

If possible, delegate social media updates and avoid direct engagement with feedback (both positive and negative) to prevent emotional distraction and maintain focus on meaningful work.

20. Create a ‘Why Does This Matter?’ List

For important tasks or goals, create a written list of reasons why they are meaningful to you, referring back to it when your attention falters to re-center motivation.

21. Managers: Clarify Communication Expectations

If sending work communications outside standard hours, explicitly state that no immediate response or checking is expected, to respect colleagues’ personal time and right to disconnect.

22. Use Delayed Email Delivery

Implement or advocate for delayed email delivery features in workplaces, allowing emails to be sent but not delivered until the next workday, to prevent disruption of colleagues’ personal time.

23. Advocate for Four-Day Work Week

Promote the adoption of a four-day work week (with the same pay) in workplaces, as it has been shown to increase productivity, reduce stress, and improve employee well-being and attention.

24. Advocate for Educational Reform

Support educational systems that prioritize play, later school start times, shorter school days, no homework, and minimal testing until later ages, similar to the Finnish model, to foster happier, more literate children with better attention.

25. Remove Homework from Screens

Advocate for homework to be assigned and completed off screens, especially in the evenings, to improve children’s sleep quality, attention, and focus, and reduce detentions.

26. Restore Free Play for Children

Create and advocate for opportunities for children to engage in free, unstructured play without adult supervision, as it is essential for developing attention, learning, competence, and reducing anxiety.

27. Provide Escalating Challenges for Children

Offer children age-appropriate, slightly challenging activities that are at the edge of their abilities to help them build competence and self-esteem, which supports attention development.

28. Encourage Intrinsic Motivation

Guide children to focus on their personal effort, enjoyment, and innate creativity in academic and creative pursuits, rather than solely on external assessments, to empower their attention.

29. Reflect on Childhood Freedoms

Parents should reflect on their own childhood experiences of free play and consider allowing their children similar freedoms to foster their development and attention.

30. Understand Stress and Vigilance

Recognize that an inability to deeply focus might be a natural vigilance response to stress or perceived danger, rather than a personal failing, prompting a need to address underlying stressors.

31. Re-evaluate Societal Values

Shift societal focus from prioritizing status and money to cultivating connection and intrinsic meaning, thereby building a collective immune system against attention-depleting forces.

32. Adopt an Empowered Mindset

Cultivate a mindset of empowerment and agency, recognizing that as free citizens, you have the right and ability to reclaim your attention from powerful external forces.