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How To Build Lasting Strength: What Hunter-Gatherers Can Teach Us About Movement, Exercise & Healthy Ageing with Professor Daniel Lieberman #514

Jan 22, 2025 2h 18m 16 insights
Why do we find it so hard to exercise despite knowing how good it is for us? Is sitting really the new smoking? And what can we learn about movement from studying populations who live more traditional lifestyles?   My guest today is the brilliant Daniel Lieberman, Professor of Biological Science and Chair of the Department of Human Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. His research studies how and why the human body is the way that it is, focusing on the evolution of physical activities such as walking and running and their relevance to health and disease. He has published more than 200 peer-reviewed papers and three books, including his most recent, Exercised: Why Something We Never Evolved To Do is Healthy and Rewarding.   In this conversation, we cover so many fascinating topics and explore the powerful idea that humans have not actually evolved to exercise.   We compare the sitting habits of modern humans with more traditional societies and Daniel shares why it may not be how long we sit for that is causing us problems, but more the way in which we choose to sit. We also talk about the profound importance of maintaining strength and activity as we age, the relationship between movement and cancer, the truth about barefoot running and minimalist shoes and the concept of 'mismatch diseases' - this idea that our modern environment is in direct conflict with our evolutionary design, and the impact this is having on our wellbeing.   Throughout the conversation, Daniel challenges many common beliefs that exist around health, and offers us evidence-based, practical strategies for building a healthier relationship with physical activity.    Whether you're interested in the science of movement, looking to build sustainable exercise habits into your life, or simply curious about how our ancestors lived, this is a truly wonderful conversation with one of the world’s most highly respected experts. I hope you enjoy listening.   Support the podcast and enjoy Ad-Free episodes. This January, try FREE for 30 days on Apple Podcasts https://apple.co/feelbetterlivemore. For other podcast platforms go to https://fblm.supercast.com.   Thanks to our
Actionable Insights

1. View Inactivity as Harmful

Instead of viewing exercise as medicine, consider inactivity as detrimental, akin to poison or lack of air, to understand its profound negative impact on health.

2. Integrate Purpose and Reward into Movement

Overcome the natural instinct to avoid unnecessary physical activity by making it either necessary for daily life or genuinely rewarding and enjoyable, such as playing sports or walking with friends.

3. Balanced, Consistent Physical Activity

Incorporate both cardio and strength training into your routine, understanding that some activity is always better than none, and maintain consistency as you age for sustained health benefits.

4. Prioritize Strength Training as You Age

Engage in strength training a few times a week to maintain muscle mass and prevent sarcopenia, which is crucial for extending your healthspan and overall healthy aging.

5. Combat Sedentary Lifestyle

Avoid long, uninterrupted bouts of sitting by regularly getting up and moving, and choose active sitting positions (e.g., without back support, squatting) that engage your muscles to mitigate the harms of prolonged sitting.

6. Reduce Cancer Risk Through Movement

Engage in basic levels of physical activity (e.g., 150 minutes a week) to significantly lower your lifetime risk of various cancers, including breast and colon cancer, by turning on repair and maintenance mechanisms.

7. Leverage Movement for Mental Well-being

Engage in regular physical activity, such as a 30-minute walk daily, to improve mood, boost self-esteem, lower stress, and enhance overall mental well-being, beyond just its impact on weight.

8. Aim for 7,000+ Daily Steps

While there’s no magic number, aim for at least 7,000 steps a day for significant health benefits, noting that more steps are generally better, but benefits tend to level off around this point for all-cause mortality.

9. Strategize Against Energy Surplus

Develop personal strategies, such as time-restricted eating or mindful caloric intake, to navigate the modern environment of abundant, energy-dense food, which goes against evolutionary instincts.

10. Minimize Stress to Improve Sleep

Actively work to reduce stress levels, as cortisol (the arousal hormone) can hinder the quality and depth of sleep, preventing you from reaching deeper, more restorative sleep stages.

11. Practice Mindful Movement

Integrate mindfulness into your physical activity, such as walking in nature and paying attention to sensory details, to combine movement with meditation and enhance overall well-being.

12. Gradually Adopt Minimalist Footwear

To strengthen foot muscles and potentially prevent issues like flat feet and plantar fasciitis, gradually transition to wearing minimalist shoes or walking barefoot, but avoid rapid changes, especially with existing injuries.

13. Increase Children’s Outdoor Time

Encourage children to spend more time outdoors, as being indoors for prolonged periods with less complex visual stimuli is linked to the development of myopia (short-sightedness).

14. Avoid the ‘Paleo Fantasy’

Do not blindly adopt all practices of hunter-gatherers as a prescription for modern life; instead, use their lifestyles to understand evolutionary mismatches and inform adapted health strategies.

15. Release Anxiety About Perfect Sleep

Recognize that stressing about achieving perfect sleep conditions (e.g., absolute quiet, darkness, comfort) can paradoxically worsen sleep, as stress itself is an enemy of restful sleep.

16. Manage Acute Plantar Fasciitis Carefully

If experiencing acute plantar fasciitis, use supportive shoes to alleviate pressure, as transitioning to minimalist footwear or going barefoot can aggravate the condition in the short term, though it helps prevent future bouts.