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How Food, Fasting & Lifestyle Can Transform Your Metabolic Health & Reduce Your Risk of Disease with Dr Ben Bikman #582

Sep 30, 2025 2h 17m 22 insights
Most of us will never have our insulin levels tested, yet this single hormone is the body’s master regulator of energy. When it stops working properly, almost every system in the body is affected, from how we store fat, to how we age. Today’s guest is Dr Ben Bikman, a scientist and world-leading expert on insulin and metabolism. He’s a Professor in the Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology at Brigham Young University (BYU) and has spent years researching how changes inside our cells lead to common metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dementia. He frequently publishes his research in peer-reviewed journals, speaks at scientific conferences all over the world and is the author of 2 books, Why We Get Sick and How Not to Get Sick. In this conversation, we discuss: Why insulin is the body’s “master hormone”, guiding how we store and use energy and how resistance to it can cause a wide range of chronic health problems. The fact that almost 9 in 10 adults show signs of poor metabolic health, and why this is a global issue that affects countries far beyond the United States. How ethnicity and genetics shape the way we store fat, explaining why two people of the same weight and size can face very different risks of conditions like type 2 diabetes or heart disease. Why focusing only on blood glucose misses the early warning signs of poor metabolic health, and why measuring insulin levels offers a clearer and earlier picture of risk. The visible clues your body may already be giving you – such as skin tags or darker, velvety patches of skin around the neck or armpits – that can indicate chronically elevated insulin. Practical strategies to bring insulin down, from reducing refined sugars and starches to spacing out meals and experimenting with fasting in ways that work for both men and women. So often, we’re told that chronic illnesses are inevitable or a natural part of ageing. But as Ben explains, many of these conditions have a common origin – and by focusing on insulin resistance, we can take powerful steps towards prevention and even reversal. This conversation is not about fear, but empowerment. It’s a reminder that our everyday choices – how and what we eat, how we move, and how often we give our bodies a rest from food – can profoundly influence our future health. I hope you enjoy listening. Support the podcast and enjoy Ad-Free episodes. Try FREE for 7 days on Apple Podcasts https://apple.co/feelbetterlivemore. For other podcast platforms go to https://fblm.supercast.com.   Thanks to our
Actionable Insights

1. Prioritize Lowering Insulin

Adopt a low-insulin strategy for metabolic health and fat loss by focusing on dietary changes that keep insulin levels down, rather than just calorie restriction. Lowering insulin increases metabolic rate and promotes fat burning, offering a metabolic advantage.

2. Control Carbohydrate Intake

Reduce consumption of refined sugars and starches, especially those from ultra-processed foods (‘bags and boxes with barcodes’). Prioritize whole fruits and vegetables to minimize glucose and insulin spikes, allowing for periods of lower insulin.

3. Prioritize Protein and Fats

Be liberal with protein and healthy fat intake in your meals. These macronutrients have minimal impact on insulin and blood glucose levels, helping to maintain a low-insulin state and promote satiety.

4. Practice Mini-Fasts Between Meals

Space your meals at least four hours apart, avoiding snacks in between. This allows your body periods of lower insulin, which improves insulin sensitivity and gives the body a metabolic break.

5. Aim for 24-Hour Fasting

Work towards being able to fast from calories for 24 hours. A healthy adult should be able to do this without significant effort; inability may signal metabolic inflexibility.

6. Check Visible Insulin Resistance Signs

Look for physical signs such as acanthosis nigricans (darker, crinkled skin, often on the neck) and skin tags (small skin protrusions, often on the neck, armpits, or groin). These are strong indicators of insulin resistance and are reversible with lifestyle changes.

7. Monitor Key Metabolic Biomarkers

Regularly check fasting insulin (aim for under 6), HbA1c (under 5.4, ideally 5.2), and triglyceride to HDL ratio (under 1.5) to objectively assess and manage your metabolic health. These markers provide a clearer and earlier picture of risk than glucose alone.

8. Use Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM)

Consider using a CGM to observe in real-time how different foods and drinks affect your blood glucose levels. This immediate visual feedback can drive significant behavior change and personalize your dietary choices.

9. Use Lumen for Fuel Tracking

Experiment with a Lumen device to track your body’s fuel source (fat vs. carb burning) and use this feedback to adjust evening carbohydrate intake and meal timing. This can help reinforce beneficial habits like earlier dinners and mindful carb consumption, promoting overnight fat burning.

10. Define Deeper Health Motivation

Identify a strong, personal reason for improving your metabolic health that extends beyond just weight loss (e.g., family, longevity, quality of life). A deeper motivation will provide stronger and more sustainable drive for making lifestyle changes.

11. Change Breakfast Habits Immediately

Alter your breakfast habits starting tomorrow by either fasting through it (with non-caloric drinks, possibly with a dab of butter for ease) or by consuming a breakfast that controls carbs, prioritizes protein, and includes healthy fats. Breakfast is often the easiest meal to change socially and can significantly impact your metabolic state for the rest of the day.

12. Frame Weight Loss as Fat Cell Shrinking

When pursuing weight loss, mentally frame the process as shrinking your fat cells rather than merely reducing overall body mass. This aligns with the physiological reality of fat loss and can help with mindset.

13. Integrate Structured Fasting (If Needed)

If initial low-insulin dietary changes are not sufficient for your goals, consider integrating more formal structured fasting protocols. This can further support fat loss and metabolic health.

14. Women: Adjust Fasting to Cycle

Women should be mindful that fasting may be harder during the luteal phase (after ovulation, before menstruation) due to progesterone’s hunger-promoting effects; be kind to your body during this time. Fasting may be easier during the follicular phase (leading up to ovulation) as the body is naturally burning more fat.

15. Consider Exogenous Ketones for Benefits

Explore supplementing with exogenous ketones (specifically Beta-Hydroxybutyrate or BHB) for potential benefits in cognitive function, athletic performance, neurological disorders, and to facilitate easier fasting. Ketones are a preferred fuel for the brain and can enhance metabolic rate.

16. Choose True BHB Ketone Supplements

If supplementing with exogenous ketones, ensure you are getting actual Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in its salt or acid form, rather than alcohol precursors. BHB is the main ketone in the blood and these forms are effective without needing conversion by the liver.

17. Athletes: Use Exogenous Ketones

Athletes on high-carbohydrate training regimens can consider exogenous ketones to gain an additional fuel source and potential performance advantage. This provides extra fuel that they might otherwise be deprived of due to their carb-heavy regimen.

18. Explore L-BHB for Heart Health

Investigate supplementing with the L-form of Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (L-BHB) for potential benefits in increasing cardiac output. L-BHB has been shown to increase cardiac output by 40% by dilating arteries, reducing the heart’s workload, which may be relevant for heart failure patients or athletes.

19. Ketones May Help Gout

Individuals suffering from gout may consider exploring ketones. Ketones have been shown to undo inflammation caused by uric acid, potentially offering rapid improvement for gout symptoms.

20. Cold Immersion for Visceral Fat

If you have more visceral fat (belly fat), incorporate interventions like cold immersion (ice baths) and exercise. These activities increase epinephrine/adrenaline which specifically targets visceral fat for breakdown.

21. Cold Immersion for Mental Well-being

Consider daily cold immersion (e.g., ice baths) to improve mental calmness, reduce anxiety, enhance sleep quality, and help regulate your body’s circadian rhythm. Cold exposure can act as a ‘wake-up’ signal and improve sleep pressure by evening.

22. Don’t Justify Poor Habits

Even if your current metabolic markers are optimal, avoid using them to justify poor lifestyle habits, especially if you are young. Poor habits can still lead to future health problems, even if current markers are good.