← The Peter Attia Drive

Lower back pain: causes, treatment, and prevention of lower back injuries and pain | Stuart McGill, Ph.D. (#287 rebroadcast)

Sep 1, 2025 2h 31m 30 insights
<p><a href="https://peterattiamd.com/stuartmcgill/?utm_source=podcast-feed&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=250901-pod-stuartmcgill&amp;utm_content=250901-pod-stuartmcgill-podfeed"> View the Show Notes Page for This Episode</a></p> <p><a href="https://peterattiamd.com/subscribe/?utm_source=podcast-feed&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=250901-pod-stuartmcgill&amp;utm_content=250901-pod-stuartmcgill-podfeed"> Become a Member to Receive Exclusive Content</a></p> <p><a href="https://peterattiamd.com/newsletter/?utm_source=podcast-feed&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=250901-pod-stuartmcgill&amp;utm_content=250901-pod-stuartmcgill-podfeed"> Sign Up to Receive Peter's Weekly Newsletter</a></p> <p>Stuart McGill is a distinguished professor emeritus at the University of Waterloo and the chief scientific officer at Backfitpro where he specializes in evaluating complex cases of lower back pain from across the globe. In this episode, Stuart engages in a deep exploration of lower back pain, starting with the anatomy of the lower back, the workings of the spine, the pathophysiology of back pain, and areas of vulnerability. He challenges the concept of nonspecific back pain, emphasizing the importance of finding a causal relationship between injury and pain. Stuart highlights compelling case studies of the successful treatment of complex cases of lower back pain, reinforcing his conviction that nobody needs to suffer endlessly. He also covers the importance of strength and stability, shares his favorite exercises to prescribe to patients, and provides invaluable advice for maintaining a healthy spine.</p> <p><strong>We discuss:</strong></p> <ul type="disc"> <li>Peter's experience with debilitating back pain [3:00];</li> Anatomy of the back: spine, discs, facet joints, and common pain points [14:15]; <li>Lower back injuries and pain: acute vs. chronic, impact of disc damage, microfractures, and more [24:30];</li> <li>Why the majority of back injuries happen around the L4, L5, and S1 joints [30:45];</li> <li>How the spine responds to forces like bending and loading, and how it adapts to different athletic activities [36:00];</li> <li>The pathology of bulging discs [43:00];</li> <li>The pathophysiology of Peter's back pain, injuries from excessive loading, immune response to back injuries, muscle relaxers, and more [45:45];</li> <li>The three most important exercises Stuart prescribes, how he assesses patients, and the importance of tailored exercises based on individual needs and body types [56:00];</li> <li>The significance of strength and stability in preventing injuries and preserving longevity [1:08:00];</li> <li>Stuart's take on squats and deadlifting: potential risks, alternatives, and importance of correct movement patterns [1:19:15];</li> <li>Helping patients with psychological trauma from lower back pain by empowering them with the understanding of the mechanical aspects of their pain [1:29:45];</li> <li>Empowering patients through education and understanding of their pain through Stuart's clinic and work through BackFitPro [1:38:30];</li> <li>When surgical interventions may be appropriate, and "virtual surgery" as an alternative [1:46:30];</li> <li>Weakness, nerve pain, and stenosis: treatments, surgical considerations, and more [1:55:15];</li> <li>Tarlov cysts: treatment and surgical considerations [2:00:00];</li> <li>The evolution of patient assessments and the limitations of MRI [2:02:00];</li> <li>Pain relief related to stiffness and muscle bulk through training [2:06:45];</li> <li>Advice for the young person on how to keep a healthy spine [2:14:00];</li> <li>Resources for individuals dealing with lower back pain [2:25:15]; and</li> <li>More.</li> </ul> <p>Connect With Peter on <a href="https://twitter.com/PeterAttiaMD">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.instagram.com/peterattiamd/">Instagram</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/peterattiamd/">Facebook</a> and <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8kGsMa0LygSX9nkBcBH1Sg">YouTube</a></p>
Actionable Insights

1. Seek Individualized Back Assessment

Reject the idea of ’non-specific low back pain’ and seek a truly individualized assessment before any therapy to understand your specific pain mechanism.

2. Understand Your Pain Mechanism

Actively seek a healthcare provider who focuses on understanding the specific physical mechanism of your pain, as this empowers you to address the underlying cause.

3. Identify & Avoid Pain Triggers

Be aware of common movement triggers for low back pain, such as prolonged sitting, excessive flexion, shearing motions, and heavy lifting, and avoid them to guide effective rehab.

4. Practice McGill Big Three Exercises

Incorporate the modified curl-up, side plank, and bird dog exercises to build core stability, transmit force efficiently, and prevent energy leaks that invite injury. Scale them using the Russian descending pyramid (10-second intervals) for pain relief and performance.

5. Build Proximal Core Stiffness

Develop proximal stiffness in your core to effectively transmit force distally, preventing energy leaks and enabling more powerful and efficient movements while sparing the spine.

6. Prioritize Sufficient Strength

For long-term spine health, prioritize achieving ’enough strength,’ mobility, and endurance rather than continually chasing lifetime personal records (PRs) in heavy lifting, as extreme efforts can lead to micro-fractures and joint wear.

7. Incorporate Daily Spine Habits

Practice simple daily habits like walking, posture tweaks (ears over shoulders, shoulders over hips, soften knees), and hip hinge practice to calm pain flares quickly and maintain spine resilience for decades.

8. Master Efficient Movement Patterns

Learn and practice efficient movement patterns, such as spreading feet apart, leaning forward, and pulling hips through (like a squat) to stand up from a seated position, to prevent injury and maintain independence.

9. Cautious Deadlifting Approach

While deadlifting can be valuable, be cautious of overzealous training, especially for middle-aged individuals, as continually pushing for PRs can compromise long-term joint health. Consider alternative, lower-axial-load exercises for muscle activation.

10. Rest After Max Effort Lifts

After setting a true personal best in heavy lifts, take a couple of months off or at least a week, as the body experiences micro-fracturing in trabecular bone that requires time for healing and callus formation.

11. Pursue Sustainable Athleticism

Shift focus from maximum effort squats and deadlifts to a well-rounded and sustainable athleticism (e.g., sled work, backwards walking up hills) that spares joints, maintains training capacity, and ensures fitness for daily life tasks into older age.

12. Cultivate Grip Strength

Recognize grip strength as a crucial proxy for longevity and overall fitness, indicating consistent physical work and stability. Engage in activities that build grip strength, such as carrying heavy objects or chopping wood.

13. Allow Post-Injury Inflammation

In the acute phase of a disc injury, consider dispensing with anti-inflammatories for two weeks, as the inflammatory response brings in the immune system to help reduce the long-term disc bulge.

14. Use Muscle Relaxants for Tension

For minor flare-ups, a light muscle relaxant (like baclofen) can help break the cycle of tension in paraspinous muscles, allowing for deep breathing and relaxation, rather than focusing on inflammation.

15. Postural Re-alignment for Aches

If experiencing low-grade aches, try lying on your tummy with hands under hips and melt into the table with each exhale to relax muscles and realign micro-shearing movements. Then, stand with ears over shoulders, shoulders over hips, and softened knees to shut down erector spinae activity.

16. Big Three for Performance Stiffness

Perform the Big Three exercises prior to physical activity to create residual neural stiffness in the core, which can lead to faster running and cutting, and greater punching impulse.

17. Don’t Mix Training Adaptations

Avoid mixing adaptation schedules; if you train for powerlifting, focus on hip/shoulder mobility and torso stiffness, avoiding excessive bending, while flexibility training should avoid very heavy loads.

18. Maintain Healthy Disc End Plates

To keep a healthy spine, focus on maintaining healthy end plates by avoiding damage to the joints, as this is crucial for long-term spine health and mobility.

19. Virtual Surgery for Disc Pain

If told surgery is needed for disc issues, consider ‘virtual surgery’ by mimicking post-surgical behavior, including forced rest and strategic desensitization, to potentially avoid the actual procedure.

20. Identify Surgical Red Flags

Be aware of obvious red flags (e.g., aortic aneurysm, cancerous tumors, cauda equina syndrome symptoms) that indicate a need for immediate surgical referral, as these are not amenable to conservative management.

21. Conservative Nerve Pain Management

For nerve pain, sciatica, or brachial plexus nerve traps, try conservative management and voluntary skill-building (e.g., specific movement patterns, stabilization programs) before resorting to surgery, as these often resolve with patience and skill.

22. Stiffen Cervical Spine for Clunks

For cervical instability (e.g., whiplash patients with ‘clunking’ pain), practice light deep flexor activation (tongue to roof of mouth) and anti-shrugging to create controlling stiffness and arrest the clunking movement, which can reduce pain over time.

23. Pillow Count for Instability Clue

The number of pillows used at night can be a high correlate for joint instability; more pillows may indicate a need to address micro-movements in the spine.

24. Read Back Mechanic Book

For individuals seeking to understand and address their back pain, read ‘Back Mechanic’ by Stuart McGill to go through a series of self-tests and pattern recognition exercises.

25. Consult McGill Certified Clinicians

If self-assessment from ‘Back Mechanic’ is insufficient, seek out certified or master clinicians listed on backfitpro.com who are trained in McGill’s methods for a comprehensive assessment and personalized treatment plan.

26. Limit Prolonged Sitting

If your job involves a lot of sitting, ensure you are not sitting longer than an hour at your computer without a break, as prolonged sitting can be detrimental to spine health.

27. Daily Walking for Spine Health

Incorporate daily walks, even short ones (e.g., 30 minutes in the morning), into your routine to counteract the negative effects of a sedentary lifestyle and improve overall health and fitness.

28. Use Lumbar Support When Sitting

If sitting causes pain, use a lumbar support to maintain a neutral spine posture, which can help mitigate disc stress.

29. Avoid Pain-Triggering Movements

For athletes with specific pain triggers, identify and avoid movements that set off back pain, even seemingly minor ones like tying skates, by having someone else perform the action.

30. Manage Jiu-Jitsu Spine Stress

For athletes in sports like Jiu-Jitsu that involve positions stressing the spine, limit mat time and incorporate other training (e.g., stand-up) to minimize accumulative stress on disc bulges causing sciatica.