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#51 - Robert Sapolsky, Ph.D.: The pervasive effect of stress - is it killing you?

Apr 29, 2019 2h 18m 28 insights
<p>In this episode, Robert Sapolsky, Ph.D., discusses the widespread impact of stress on our physical and emotional health as well as the mechanisms by which it can precipitate chronic illness, dementia, depression, and more. He also provides insight into the factors that contribute to the stress response (and our ability to handle it) such as social rank, personality, environment, and genetics. Lastly, we discuss how our behavior is altered in the face of stress and how that not only has a pervasive effect on a personal level, but also on society as a whole in how we interact with each other. </p> <p>We discuss:</p> <ul> <li>Background, interest in stress, and Robert's time in Kenya studying baboons [7:00];</li> <li>Physiology of a stress response, and why it's ingrained in our DNA [14:00];</li> <li>Individual variation in the response to stress, and how everyone has a different optimal level [24:00];</li> <li>How social rank and personality differences affect our stress response [30:15];</li> <li>What's happening in the brain when faced with stressful situations? [39:15];</li> <li>What makes the human brain different than all other species? [48:15];</li> <li>Imprinting stress to your kids epigenetically [52:00];</li> <li>The role of stress on memory and the consequences of hypercortisolemia [57:15];</li> <li>The impact of subjective socioeconomic status and social media on stress levels and health [1:01:45];</li> <li>Tips for managing stress in the modern world [1:17:45];</li> <li>What Robert learned about himself studying the social behavior of baboons [1:29:30];</li> <li>The multilayered factors behind every human behavior, the context of "good and bad," and exploring the human capacity of the wild extremes of violence and altruism from moment to moment [1:34:30];</li> <li>PMS: How two women with identical hormone levels can have completely different emotional experiences [1:39:00];</li> <li>How much of a role do genes play in depression and other emotional states? [1:42:45];</li> <li>Why is cortisol elevated under sleep deprivation? [1:50:15];</li> <li>The impact of stress on cancer [1:54:30];</li> <li>The impact of stress on atherosclerosis, dementia, addiction, and depression [2:01:15];</li> <li>Impulsiveness, impaired judgement, and lack of empathy in times of stress [2:05:45];</li> <li>What advice would Robert give his 25-year-old self? [2:12:45]; and</li> <li>More.</li> </ul> <p><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Learn more at <a href="http://www.peterattiamd.com/">www.PeterAttiaMD.com</a><br /> Connect with Peter on <a href="Facebook.com/PeterAttiaMD">Facebook</a> | <a href="Twitter.com/PeterAttiaMD">Twitter</a> | <a href="Instagram.com/PeterAttiaMD">Instagram</a>.<br /></span></p>
Actionable Insights

1. Reconsider Extreme Ambition

Reflect on the potential costs of relentless ambition, as it may detract from a high-quality, fulfilling life and lead to regret later on, as shared by Dr. Sapolsky’s personal realization.

2. Analyze Ambition’s Hidden Costs

Continuously evaluate the true costs associated with different types of ambition, recognizing that some pursuits may come at the expense of other valuable aspects of life, such as family and personal well-being.

3. Cultivate Strong Social Connections

Recognize the profound health benefits of positive social interactions and strong social networks, as these are more important than social rank for well-being and can serve as a refuge and sanctuary from the world’s madness.

4. Dedicate Time to Stress Management

Engage in stress management practices regularly and deliberately, setting aside dedicated time for them daily, rather than attempting quick, inconsistent interventions, as consistency is key for cardiovascular and other health benefits.

5. Discern Real vs. Perceived Threats

Cultivate the ability to differentiate between genuinely threatening situations and minor provocations, as overreacting to non-threats can significantly elevate cortisol levels and negatively impact health, similar to baboons who distinguish between big and little things.

6. Identify Personal Stress Triggers

Actively identify and understand your unique personal stress triggers (e.g., email, social media), as this awareness is crucial for developing effective coping and management strategies tailored to your individual responses.

7. Mind Influences Body Physiology

Understand that thoughts and emotions, even abstract ones like contemplating mortality, can directly alter basic physiological functions like heart rate and breathing, highlighting the top-down influence of the cortex on lower brain functions.

8. Act Proactively for Mental Health

Taking the initial step to address mental health concerns, such as making a first appointment for depression, can significantly improve well-being even before treatment begins, by affirming self-worth and activating optimism.

9. Channel Turmoil into Productivity

Learn to sublimate personal emotional tumult and neuroses into intellectual pursuits and a deep desire to understand, transforming internal struggles into productive output, as Dr. Sapolsky describes his own lucky capacity.

10. Prioritize Predictable Uninterrupted Sleep

Strive for consistent and uninterrupted sleep patterns, as unpredictable and fragmented sleep is particularly destructive to sleep quality and restorative processes, leading to elevated cortisol and reduced Delta sleep.

11. Meditate Daily for Better Results

Engage in deliberate, mindful meditation for at least 10 minutes daily, as consistent, shorter sessions are likely more beneficial than infrequent, longer ones for mental well-being and recovery.

12. Restrict Email Checking to Blocks

Reduce stress by limiting email checking to specific, dedicated blocks (e.g., twice a day for 30 minutes), as frequent checking can lead to prolonged stress responses and elevated glucose levels.

13. Manage Social Media Exposure

Be aware that social media amplifies social comparison and can lead to feelings of inadequacy by constantly showcasing others’ seemingly better lives; actively limit this exposure to reduce psychosocial stress.

14. Boost Subjective Socioeconomic Status

Focus on your perceived standing relative to your chosen comparison group, as subjective socioeconomic status is a strong predictor of health, independent of objective wealth, and feeling poor is more impactful than being poor.

15. Maintain Judgment and Empathy

Actively manage stress to preserve frontal cortex function, which is critical for good judgment, impulse control, and the ability to empathize with others, as stress can impair these functions.

16. Utilize Peer Support for Compliance

If undergoing difficult medical treatments, seek out supportive group therapy or peer networks, as this can significantly increase compliance with treatment regimes by fostering understanding and encouragement.

17. Understand Chronic Cortisol Harm

Recognize that consistently elevated cortisol levels (hypercortisolemia) cause molecular and physiological harm, accelerating brain aging, particularly in the hippocampus, and impacting overall health over years to decades.

18. Adapt Stress Response to Modernity

Recognize that our ancient physiological stress response, evolved for physical threats, is now often triggered by modern psychological stressors like thinking about taxes, requiring conscious adaptation to prevent chronic activation.

19. Balance Stress for Optimal Memory

Aim for moderate, stimulating levels of stress for optimal learning and memory consolidation, avoiding both too little (semi-comatose) and too much (terrified) stress, which can impair hippocampal function.

20. Be Aware of Stress’s Empathy Impact

Recognize that stress and glucocorticoids can narrow your capacity for empathy, making you less likely to register the pain of those outside your immediate ‘us’ group, leading to more parochial and xenophobic tendencies.

21. Recognize Genetic Stress Vulnerability

Be aware that genetic variants can modify an individual’s vulnerability to the effects of childhood stress and trauma, influencing outcomes like depression, rather than being solely deterministic.

22. Question Free Will Concept

Reflect on the idea that human actions are heavily influenced by a complex interplay of neurobiology, genetics, and environment, challenging the notion of absolute free will and fostering a more nuanced perspective on behavior.

23. Invest in Quality Show Notes

For content creators, dedicate resources, potentially a full-time person, to producing high-quality show notes for your podcast, as this has garnered positive feedback and is seen as valuable by listeners.

24. Build Trust by Avoiding Ads

Content creators should consider avoiding ad-based revenue models to maintain audience trust, as being paid to promote products can compromise perceived honesty and authenticity.

25. Advocate Only for Loved Products

Content creators should only advocate for products or services that they are genuinely enthusiastic about, as this authenticity is crucial for effective and honest communication with their audience.

26. Implement Subscriber Support Model

Content creators should consider a subscriber support model instead of ads to foster a simple and honest relationship with their audience, ensuring value exchange and direct support.

27. Offer Tiered Subscriber Benefits

For content creators, provide exclusive benefits for paying members, such as full access to detailed show notes, downloadable transcripts, AMA participation, and special deals on genuinely loved products, ensuring members receive more value than they give.

28. Support Valued Content Creators

If you learn from and find value in a content creator’s work, consider supporting them directly by signing up for a monthly subscription, as this helps fund their efforts and provides additional exclusive content.