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#49 – Matthew Walker, Ph.D., on sleep – Part III of III: The penetrating effects of poor sleep from metabolism to performance to genetics, and the impact of caffeine, alcohol, THC, and CBD on sleep

Apr 15, 2019 2h 1m 18 insights
<p>In the final part of this 3 part series, Matthew Walker, professor of neuroscience at UC Berkeley and expert on sleep, discusses the omnipresent effects of insufficient sleep on everything from metabolism, appetite, athletic performance, decision-making, productivity, leadership, mental health, genetics, memory, and more. We also discuss the impact of caffeine and alcohol on sleep quality, the efficacy of sleep aids such as THC and CBD, and much more.</p> <p>We discuss:</p> <ul> <li>Sleep and insulin resistance [6:15];</li> <li>Epigenetic changes with insufficient sleep, and the reversibility of lost sleep [18:00];</li> <li>Sleep's impact on exercise performance, appetite, and food choices [28:15];</li> <li>Decision making, workplace production, leadership qualities, physical attractiveness, and more [43:15];</li> <li>The broken water pipe analogy [49:30];</li> <li>The negative effect of caffeine, alcohol, and high carb meals on sleep quality [53:30];</li> <li>The efficacy of THC and CBD as sleep aids [1:05:30];</li> <li>Sleep and mental health: A two-way street [1:16:45];</li> <li>How sleep impacts memory, and Matthew's current and upcoming projects [1:24:00];</li> <li>Sleep's impact on athletes: Looking at Formula One drivers [1:32:45]</li> <li>Translating the science to clinical application [1:57:00]; and</li> <li>More.</li> </ul> <p><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Learn more at <a href="http://www.peterattiamd.com/">www.PeterAttiaMD.com</a><br /> Connect with Peter on <a href="Facebook.com/PeterAttiaMD">Facebook</a> | <a href="Twitter.com/PeterAttiaMD">Twitter</a> | <a href="Instagram.com/PeterAttiaMD">Instagram</a>.<br /></span></p>
Actionable Insights

1. Optimize Sleep for Glucose Control

Prioritize sufficient sleep (aim for 7-8 hours) to maintain healthy glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, as sleep deprivation significantly impairs the body’s ability to process glucose, potentially leading to pre-diabetic states.

2. Protect Your Genes with Sleep

Ensure adequate sleep (aim for 8 hours) to prevent negative epigenetic changes, as even 6 hours of sleep for a week can distort the activity of over 700 genes, impacting immune function, inflammation, and stress response.

3. Sleep as Mental Health Bedrock

Recognize sleep as “emotional first aid” and a bedrock of mental health; prioritize it to prevent and improve conditions like anxiety, mood disorders, and depression, as sleep deprivation can quickly induce clinical anxiety levels.

4. Never Too Late for Better Sleep

Start prioritizing better sleep habits immediately, as it’s never too late to course-correct and potentially reduce risks for conditions like cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease, even if past sleep debt cannot be fully recovered.

5. Regulate Appetite Through Sleep

Prioritize adequate sleep to regulate appetite hormones and make healthier food choices, as sleep deprivation increases hunger, reduces satiety, and impairs impulse control, leading to increased consumption of unhealthy foods.

6. Avoid Alcohol for Quality Sleep

Avoid alcohol, especially close to bedtime, as it sedates rather than induces natural sleep, fragments sleep, blocks REM sleep, increases core body temperature, and acts as a diuretic, all of which severely degrade sleep quality.

7. Limit Caffeine for Deep Sleep

Limit caffeine intake, especially in the afternoon and evening, due to its long half-life and its ability to block deep sleep, which is crucial for restorative rest. A cup of coffee at midday can still have a quarter of its caffeine in your brain at midnight.

8. Boost Physical Performance with Sleep

Aim for sufficient sleep (e.g., 7-8 hours) to optimize physical performance and endurance, as sleep deprivation can significantly reduce time to physical exhaustion by about 30%.

9. Address Anxiety for Better Sleep

Address underlying anxiety and mental health issues, as they are increasingly significant causes of poor sleep and insomnia, and improving mental well-being can lead to better sleep.

10. Workplace Performance Needs Sleep

Ensure sufficient sleep to maintain high performance, creativity, ethical behavior, and leadership effectiveness in the workplace, as sleep deprivation impairs problem-solving, teamwork, and moral judgment.

11. Cautious Use of THC for Sleep

Be cautious with THC as a sleep aid; while it may reduce sleep onset time acutely, it robustly blocks crucial REM sleep, builds tolerance, and can lead to severe insomnia upon cessation.

12. Consider CBD for Sleep (Tentative)

Consider CBD for sleep with caution and further research, as early tentative evidence suggests it may help with sleep onset and anxiety without disrupting REM sleep or causing dependency, but optimal dosage and long-term effects are not yet clear.

13. Avoid Late Night Carb Binges

Avoid large, high-carbohydrate meals, especially “crap carbohydrates,” close to bedtime, as they can significantly disrupt sleep architecture and quality, similar to the effects of alcohol.

14. Travel Sleep Strategy

Implement a deliberate eating and sleep schedule when traveling across time zones to mitigate the negative effects of sleep deprivation and jet lag, such as eating a proper breakfast, avoiding plane snacks, and having an early, satiating dinner followed by an early bedtime.

15. Sleep for Sustained Attention

Prioritize sufficient sleep to maintain sustained attention, spatial coordination, and consistent performance, especially for tasks requiring prolonged focus, as sleep deprivation severely impairs these abilities over time.

16. High Performers: Prioritize Sleep

High-performance individuals and teams should prioritize optimizing sleep and circadian rhythm biology to gain a competitive advantage, as insufficient sleep significantly impairs reaction time, judgment, and physical performance.

17. Enhance Attractiveness with Sleep

Prioritize “beauty sleep” to maintain a healthy and attractive appearance, as insufficient sleep makes individuals appear more sickly, sleepy, and less appealing to others.

18. Support Podcast for Exclusive Content

Consider becoming a member to support the podcast and gain access to exclusive content like full show notes, downloadable transcripts, and AMA episodes, which are useful for understanding technical discussions.