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#47 – Matthew Walker, Ph.D., on sleep – Part I of III: Dangers of poor sleep, Alzheimer's risk, mental health, memory consolidation, and more.

Apr 1, 2019 1h 43m 16 insights
<p>In part 1 of this 3 part series, Matthew Walker, professor of neuroscience at UC Berkeley and expert on sleep, describes the different stages and cycles of sleep, including what he calls the 4 pillars of sleep, and how they contribute to memory consolidation and numerous important pathways to mental health. We also get into the dangers of chronic sleep deprivation, such as the development of dementia, and the more acute dangers of sleep deprivation like fatal car crashes which are most often caused by drowsy driving. We also discuss the different and important roles of REM vs. non-REM sleep, and the impact that bad sleep habits can have specifically on those sleep stages. </p> <p> </p> <p>We discuss:</p> <ul> <li>Matthew's background and interest in sleep [6:03];</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Sleep and Alzheimer's disease, and the 4 pillars of sleep [12:18];</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Stages of sleep, sleep cycles, and brain waves [41:18];</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Memory and sleep, and the risk of insufficient REM sleep [55:48];</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Evolutionary reasons to sleep [1:02:03];</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The early riser vs. the night owl, and tips for overcoming jet lag [1:10:18];</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Is there one type or stage of sleep that is most important? [1:17:33];</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The dangers of drowsy driving [1:28:48];</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The timeliness of Matthew's book, and how the conversation of sleep has changed over the past several years [1:35:18]; and</li> </ul> <ul> <li>More.</li> </ul> <p><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Learn more at <a href="http://www.peterattiamd.com/">www.PeterAttiaMD.com</a><br /> Connect with Peter on <a href="Facebook.com/PeterAttiaMD">Facebook</a> | <a href="Twitter.com/PeterAttiaMD">Twitter</a> | <a href="Instagram.com/PeterAttiaMD">Instagram</a>.<br /></span></p>
Actionable Insights

1. Prioritize Sleep for Alzheimer’s Prevention

Make your sleep a critical component of preventing Alzheimer’s disease, as insufficient sleep prevents the brain’s glymphatic system from washing away toxic beta-amyloid proteins, thereby escalating your risk.

2. Aim for 8-Hour Sleep Opportunity

Give yourself a non-negotiable eight-hour sleep opportunity each night, because the shorter your sleep, the shorter your life, and it is a remarkable health insurance policy.

3. Avoid Sleep Machismo

Do not adopt a ‘sleep when you’re dead’ attitude or boast about insufficient sleep, as historical figures who did so, like Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan, both later developed Alzheimer’s disease.

4. Avoid Drowsy Driving

Never drive when drowsy, as micro-sleeps caused by insufficient sleep lead to accidents that are often more fatal than drunk driving because there is no driver reaction.

5. Cultivate Four Pillars of Sleep

Focus on the regularity, continuity, quantity, and quality of your sleep, as these four features are essential for optimal brain function and overall health.

6. Protect Deep Non-REM Sleep

Prioritize deep non-REM sleep, especially in the first half of the night, because it’s crucial for memory consolidation after learning and serves as an excellent natural blood pressure medication.

7. Protect REM Sleep for Mental Health

Ensure you get sufficient REM sleep, particularly in the second half of the night, as it provides ’emotional first aid’ by recalibrating emotional networks in the brain, reducing risks of depression and anxiety.

8. Shift Sleep Window Earlier

To maximize deep non-REM sleep, shift your eight-hour sleep window earlier in the evening (e.g., 9 PM), as the brain has a preferential appetite for deep sleep during these hours.

9. Prioritize Stage 2 Non-REM Before Learning

Ensure adequate Stage 2 non-REM sleep before learning, as the sleep spindles generated during this stage are essential for refreshing your brain’s ability to encode new memories.

10. Do Not Stigmatize Sleep

Avoid labeling sufficient sleep as laziness, recognizing it as an evolutionarily vital and non-negotiable biological drive that wonderfully enhances every physiological system and brain operation.

11. Adjust Sleep for Jet Lag (Pre-Travel)

To mitigate jet lag, gradually shift your sleep schedule by waking up 10 minutes earlier for about five days before a long-distance flight.

12. Adjust Sleep for Jet Lag (During Flight)

When taking transatlantic flights, sleep during the first half of the flight (when people at your destination are typically asleep) and wake up by the middle of the flight to build sufficient sleepiness pressure for bedtime upon arrival.

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