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#371 – Women's sexual health: desire, arousal, and orgasms, navigating perimenopause, and enhancing satisfaction | Sally Greenwald, M.D., M.P.H.

Nov 3, 2025 1h 52m 44 insights
<p><a href="https://peterattiamd.com/sallygreenwald/?utm_source=podcast-feed&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=251027-pod-sallygreenwald&amp;utm_content=251027-pod-sallygreenwald-podfeed"> View the Show Notes Page for This Episode</a></p> <p><a href="https://peterattiamd.com/subscribe/?utm_source=podcast-feed&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=251027-pod-sallygreenwald&amp;utm_content=251027-pod-sallygreenwald-podfeed"> Become a Member to Receive Exclusive Content</a></p> <p><a href="https://peterattiamd.com/newsletter/?utm_source=podcast-feed&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=251027-pod-sallygreenwald&amp;utm_content=251027-pod-sallygreenwald-podfeed"> Sign Up to Receive Peter's Weekly Newsletter</a></p> <p>Sally Greenwald is an OB-GYN who specializes in women's sexual health from a hormonal and physiologic perspective, with expertise spanning desire, arousal, pelvic floor function, contraception, and menopause care. In this episode, she explains why sexual health is a vital component of overall well-being, exploring topics such as the drivers of desire, the anatomy of sexual function, myths and realities around orgasm, and the role of hormones in perimenopause and menopause. She also covers vaginal and pelvic health, pain with sex, evidence-based therapies for low desire and arousal, how contraception and medications can affect sexual function, and practical strategies for enhancing sexual satisfaction and maintaining intimacy across life stages. This episode offers a comprehensive, evidence-based discussion with immediate real-world relevance for women as well as for men who want to better understand their partners.</p> <p><strong>We discuss:</strong></p> <ul type="disc"> <li>How sexual health influences physical health, emotional well-being, and relationships [3:15];</li> <li>Understanding the physiology of the female orgasm, sexual comfort and satisfaction, and the disparity between men and women [12:45];</li> <li>Foreplay, the science of desire, and methods to help women cultivate arousal and connection [19:00];</li> <li>The physiology and sources of female lubrication, the role of clitoral nerve anatomy in pleasure, and the use of lubricants and vibrators to enhance comfort and sexual health [23:45];</li> <li>Understanding female anatomy and what is needed for orgasm [31:15];</li> <li>Understanding sexual desire, how to cultivate it, the role of hormones, and testosterone therapy in women [41:15];</li> <li>Personalizing perimenopause care: how desire for ovulation guides the choice between contraception and menopausal hormone therapy [49:30];</li> <li>Considerations for choosing contraceptives and hormonal therapies during perimenopause [59:45];</li> <li>Factors negatively affecting desire, and why female libido persists with age and fluctuates across the menstrual cycle [1:11:00];</li> <li>How sexual trauma and physical pain can affect sexual health, and evidence-based strategies for recovery [1:15:15];</li> <li>Vaginal care routine: lubricants, moisturizers, topical hormones, and other approaches for vaginal health [1:19:15];</li> <li>Tips for sexually satisfying your female partner [1:25:45];</li> <li>The pharmacology of arousal: various treatments for low sexual desire in women [1:30:30];</li> <li>Sex during and after pregnancy: impact on arousal, safety of sex, and how to manage postpartum recovery and pain [1:37:45];</li> <li>How Sally would redesign sex education [1:42:15];</li> <li>Sally's optimism about a new era in women's sexual health [1:49:00]; and</li> <li>More.</li> </ul> <p>Connect With Peter on <a href="https://twitter.com/PeterAttiaMD">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.instagram.com/peterattiamd/">Instagram</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/peterattiamd/">Facebook</a> and <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8kGsMa0LygSX9nkBcBH1Sg">YouTube</a></p>
Actionable Insights

1. Prioritize Sexual Health

Consider sexual health a core part of overall health, life quality, and a ’longevity lever’ to include in your centenarian decathlon goals, as it impacts sleep, cardiovascular health, and relationships.

2. Address Desire Discordance

Recognize that sexual desire discordance (one partner wanting more, the other less) is a significant risk factor for divorce, and actively work to align on sexual frequency and satisfaction with your partner.

3. Achieve High VO2 Max

To enable sexual activity in your 80s or 90s, aim for a VO2 max north of 45-50 ml/kg/min in your younger years, as sex requires about 7 METs (VO2 of 25) and you need to be below your maximum.

4. Embrace Responsive Desire

Understand that women often experience ‘responsive desire’ (arousal leading to desire) rather than spontaneous desire, and actively curate arousal through environment, lubrication, vibrators, and mindfulness.

5. Extend Foreplay Duration

For women, foreplay lasting greater than 21 minutes significantly increases the likelihood of orgasm (over 90%), and appropriate foreplay reduces pain by allowing the vagina to change angle, width, and length.

6. Pre-Intercourse Lubrication Protocol

For women, use a silicone-based lubricant with a lube shooter 30 minutes prior to intercourse, placing it higher in the vaginal canal, then relax (e.g., read, drink tea, wash face) to cultivate arousal.

7. Choose Silicone-Based Lubricant

Opt for silicone-based lubricants over water-based ones, as many water-based products are hyperosmolar due to additives and can paradoxically dry out the vagina long-term by drawing out water molecules.

8. Check Lube Osmolality

Select lubricants with an osmolality close to 300 mOsm/kg (e.g., Uber Lube ~600, Good Clean Love Almost Naked ~280-300), and avoid high osmolality products like Astroglide (~8000) or KY (~4000-6000).

9. Eliminate Friction for Women

Recognize that friction is not necessary for female orgasm and is strongly associated with micro-tearing and pain during intercourse; women need no friction for pleasure.

10. Integrate Vibrators for Orgasm

Introduce vibrators into your sex life, especially as type A nerve fibers (responding to vibration/deep pressure) age better due to myelin, to help maintain the ability to achieve orgasm.

11. Explore Clitoral Anatomy

Understand the full clitoral anatomy, including the tip, vestibule, crura (wishbone structures), and the G-spot (anterior vaginal wall), to discover varied pleasure points and communicate effectively with partners.

12. Identify Pleasure Asymmetry

Recognize that the clitoral crura can be asymmetric, leading to greater pleasure on one side; explore and identify if you or your partner are a ‘righty’ or ’lefty’ for targeted stimulation.

13. Stimulate the G-Spot

For women, find the G-spot (anterior vaginal wall, about a third in, using a ‘come hither’ motion) when aroused, and relax through the urge to urinate to potentially achieve orgasm.

14. Normalize Non-Penetrative Orgasm

Understand that it is normal for 90% of women not to orgasm from penetrative intercourse alone; external clitoral stimulation is often necessary and valid for achieving orgasm.

15. Communicate Pleasure Preferences

Women should actively communicate their individual anatomical preferences and desired stimulation techniques to their partners to enhance pleasure and increase the likelihood of orgasm.

16. Pursue More Orgasms

Recognize that ‘orgasms beget orgasms,’ meaning the more you have, the easier it becomes to achieve them, training your body’s response to stimuli.

17. Implement Scheduled Sex

Schedule sex to proactively work on desire, treating it as a prioritized activity, as ‘sex begets sex’ and can increase overall desire.

18. Try ‘Fuck It February’

Engage in a ‘Fuck It February’ protocol by scheduling sex 2-3 times a week for the month to reduce pressure on the initiator and help the less interested partner cultivate responsive desire.

19. Consider Testosterone for HSDD

If experiencing hypoactive sexual desire disorder (low sex drive for over six months where you care), discuss testosterone therapy with your doctor, as it is well-studied for this condition in post-menopausal women.

20. Administer Testosterone Cream

For women, administer testosterone via cream (e.g., compounded or Testim oil in a syringe) on the inner thigh, aiming for a total testosterone level above 20 ng/dL and adjusting based on symptomatic response.

21. Assess Ovulation Preference

As a perimenopausal woman, determine if you prefer to continue ovulating or not, as this fundamental preference guides the most appropriate hormone therapy decisions for managing symptoms and contraception.

22. Track Cycle Symptoms

Maintain detailed symptom tracking, including timelines and relation to menstrual bleeds, to provide your doctor with crucial information for personalized hormone therapy decisions.

23. Consider 17-beta Estradiol Contraceptives

For perimenopausal women seeking contraception without ovulation, explore newer birth control pills containing 17-beta estradiol (e.g., Natasia) for potential bone and overall health benefits.

24. Use Slynd for Estrogen Contraindications

If estrogen is contraindicated, consider the drospirinone-only pill (Slynd) to suppress ovulation (98% efficacy), which can also help mitigate water retention and PMS symptoms due to its diuretic component.

25. Combine Slynd with Estradiol Patch

To achieve both contraception (via ovulation suppression with Slynd) and menopause hormone therapy benefits (like bone protection), consider combining the drospirinone-only pill with a 17-beta estradiol patch.

26. Natasia for Heavy Bleeding

For perimenopausal women experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding and needing contraception, Natasia (progestin with estradiol valerate) is an FDA-approved option that also provides hot flash and bone benefits.

27. Local Estrogen for Postpartum/Lactation

For breastfeeding women experiencing vaginal dryness or pain due to low estrogen, use local estrogen cream to maintain vaginal health and moisture, mimicking menopause treatment.

28. Local Estrogen for Cancer Survivors

Cancer survivors experiencing vaginal dryness or pain should feel comfortable using local estrogen treatment, as it is considered safe and encouraged for almost all patients in this population.

29. Consult Pelvic Floor Physical Therapist

Consider seeing a pelvic floor physical therapist to improve pelvic floor tone (leading to better quality orgasms) or to address hypertonicity caused by stress, trauma, or pain.

30. Implement Vaginal Moisturizer Routine

Incorporate vaginal moisturizers (e.g., Reverie, Replens suppositories nightly) into your self-care routine to recruit water molecules, lower pH, and maintain long-term vaginal tissue health.

31. Add Topical Estrogen (If Needed)

If systemic hormone therapy does not resolve vaginal pain or dryness within 6-8 weeks, add local intravaginal estrogen as a targeted long-term strategy to improve collagen and overall vaginal tone.

32. Utilize Oral Sex for Orgasm

Recognize that oral sex is one of the most effective ways for women to achieve orgasm with a partner, and explore techniques to maximize this pleasure.

33. Master ‘The Approach’ Technique

During stimulation, when a woman is just prior to orgasm, maintain the exact same pressure, speed, and depth without change, as two-thirds of women report this consistency is key for achieving orgasm.

34. Practice ‘Edging’ for Intensity

To achieve a more intense orgasm, use the ’edging’ technique by bringing your partner close to orgasm, stopping, and then repeating the process.

35. Consider Low-Dose THC

If legal, explore 1-2 milligrams of THC (preferably via standardized edibles) to enhance sexual experience and desire, noting that higher doses may be sedating and counterproductive.

36. Maintain Sex During Pregnancy

In a healthy pregnancy without contraindications (e.g., low placenta), continue sexual activity as it is completely safe and can be more pleasurable due to increased hormones and blood flow.

37. Resume Sex Postpartum at 6 Weeks

Plan to resume sexual activity at six weeks postpartum, regardless of vaginal or C-section birth, after receiving a medical check-up to ensure proper healing.

38. Use Correct Anatomical Verbiage

When educating children, use correct anatomical terms (e.g., penis, vulva) and normalize these as healthy parts of the body to foster accurate understanding and reduce shame.

39. Normalize Healthy Masturbation

Teach children that masturbation is a normal, healthy part of exploring their body and sexuality, emphasizing it should be done in a private setting to avoid shame.

Educate young people on consent as specific, enthusiastic, and persistent, emphasizing that it can change as the activity changes and should be continuously affirmed.

41. Address Pornography’s Unrealistic Expectations

Discuss the unrealistic expectations set by pornography with young people, and introduce healthy, accurate resources (e.g., omgyes.com) to provide a more realistic view of sexuality and pleasure.

42. Prioritize Safer Oral Sex Practices

Educate that penetrative intercourse with a condom is often safer for STI prevention than unprotected oral sex, challenging cultural perceptions and promoting informed choices.

43. Embrace Lifelong Sex Education

Advocate for and engage in sex education as an evolving, lifelong process, recognizing that bodies, physiology, and sexual needs change throughout different life stages.

44. Utilize omgyes.com Resource

Women and their partners can use omgyes.com to learn about female anatomy and various pleasure techniques, such as hard, round, gentle, or internal touches, to enhance sexual satisfaction.