← The Peter Attia Drive

#335 ‒ The science of resistance training, building muscle, and anabolic steroid use in bodybuilding | Mike Israetel, Ph.D.

Feb 10, 2025 2h 51m 39 insights
<p><a href="https://peterattiamd.com/mikeisraetel/?utm_source=podcast-feed&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=250210-pod-mikeisraetel&amp;utm_content=250210-pod-mikeisraetel-podfeed"> View the Show Notes Page for This Episode</a></p> <p><a href="https://peterattiamd.com/subscribe/?utm_source=podcast-feed&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=250210-pod-mikeisraetel&amp;utm_content=250210-pod-mikeisraetel-podfeed"> Become a Member to Receive Exclusive Content</a></p> <p><a href="https://peterattiamd.com/newsletter/?utm_source=podcast-feed&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=250210-pod-mikeisraetel&amp;utm_content=250210-pod-mikeisraetel-podfeed"> Sign Up to Receive Peter's Weekly Newsletter</a></p> <p>Mike Israetel is a sports physiologist, competitive bodybuilder, and co-founder of Renaissance Periodization, where he coaches athletes and professionals in diet and weight training. In this episode, Mike shares his journey from powerlifting to academia, breaking down the core principles of resistance training, including exercise selection, volume, intensity, and frequency. He debunks common misconceptions about strength training, explains how to structure an effective program for beginners and advanced lifters, and provides candid insights into his experience with anabolic steroids, discussing their effects on muscle growth, performance, and health risks. This conversation offers a deep dive into the science of building muscle, the realities of bodybuilding at the highest levels, and explores the potential of AI-driven breakthroughs to advance human performance and longevity.</p> <p><strong>We discuss:</strong></p> <ul type="disc"> <li>Mike's academic journey, and early experiences in powerlifting, personal training, and sports physiology [3:30];</li> <li>Mike's transition from powerlifting to bodybuilding, and his scientific and artistic approach to sculpting muscle and optimizing aesthetics [9:15];</li> <li>The value of strength training, time efficiency, and how it differs from endurance training [14:45];</li> <li>Neurological fatigue in strength training: balancing recovery and pushing the limits [26:15];</li> <li>The relationship between training intensity and volume, why muscle growth is not linear, and how different approaches affect results [35:00];</li> <li>Sustainable and effective approaches to maximizing muscle growth: training close to failure while minimizing fatigue [40:00];</li> <li>An efficient and effective resistance training program for beginners with limited time [49:00];</li> <li>Advice for finding a good trainer [1:06:30];</li> <li>Troubleshooting training plateaus: optimizing exercise selection, intensity, and recovery for muscle growth [1:13:30];</li> <li>The impact of genetics, age, and lifestyle on muscle growth [1:27:45];</li> <li>The importance of nutrition, protein intake, and consistency in both training and diet for muscle growth [1:31:00];</li> <li>The use of anabolic steroids to boost muscle growth: doses, drug combinations, and side effects [1:35:45];</li> <li>Long-term impact of steroid use: muscle retention, genetics and individual variability, and impact after discontinuation [1:52:15];</li> <li>Trade-offs of long-term usage of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone: health, performance, and Mike's future plans [2:00:45];</li> <li>The potential for AI-driven medical breakthroughs to reverse aging and disease [2:07:30];</li> <li>The role of AI in accelerating drug development, advancing human longevity, and overcoming biological limitations [2:19:45];</li> <li>The philosophical implications of simulated reality, the impact of robotics on human labor and economics, and the challenge of predicting the future [2:25:15];</li> <li>Would having kids change Mike's philosophy around anabolic steroid use? [2:32:15];</li> <li>The role of GLP-1 agonists in bodybuilding and general weight management, and the moral and philosophical debates surrounding their use [2:35:45]; and</li> <li>More.</li> </ul> <p>Connect With Peter on <a href="https://twitter.com/PeterAttiaMD">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.instagram.com/peterattiamd/">Instagram</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/peterattiamd/">Facebook</a> and <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8kGsMa0LygSX9nkBcBH1Sg">YouTube</a></p>
Actionable Insights

1. Prioritize Longevity-Oriented Lifestyle

Adopt a longevity-oriented lifestyle (e.g., healthy eating, exercise, good sleep) to maximize your chances of benefiting from future advancements in age reversal and disease eradication technologies.

2. Minimum Resistance Training Time

Allocate 1-3 hours per week for resistance training to gain health, longevity, and quality of life benefits, with 30 minutes twice a week being a high-return minimum.

3. Consistent Daily Protein Intake

Consistently consume approximately one gram of protein per pound of body weight daily, spread across three to four meals, to optimize muscle gains.

4. Sufficient Calorie Intake for Growth

To support muscle growth, ensure your calorie intake is sufficient to gain about half a pound of body weight per week.

5. Prioritize Nutritional Consistency

Maintain high consistency with your nutrition (sufficient protein and calories) daily, as inconsistency, especially with age and stress, significantly hinders muscle gain.

6. Control Elevated Blood Pressure

If your blood pressure is elevated, prioritize controlling it with medication, as modern drugs are highly effective with minimal side effects and significantly reduce health risks.

7. High-Intensity Resistance Training

For resistance training, push very heavy loads or lighter loads very close to muscular failure to maximize benefits, as this is the primary modality for making you better.

8. Train to 1-2 Reps Reserve

Aim for one to two repetitions in reserve (RIR) on most working sets, as this provides optimal stimulus for growth without incurring disproportionately high fatigue and injury risk compared to training to absolute failure.

9. Whole Body Training Routine

For twice-a-week training, spread sessions evenly (e.g., Monday/Thursday) and train every major muscle group in each session, as whole-body training is best for general health and aesthetic benefits.

10. Prioritize Compound Movements

Select compound, multi-joint exercises (e.g., pull-ups, squats, deadlifts) that engage large muscle masses and multiple muscles simultaneously for time-efficient and effective training.

11. Start Low, Focus Technique

Begin resistance training with low or body weight, focusing on basic competency and fine-tuning technique over perfection to minimize injury risk and build a foundation.

12. Gradually Increase Training Load

Gradually increase weight or repetitions each week after mastering technique, aiming for a physiologically challenging weight and rep combination over time.

13. Use 10-30 Rep Range

Perform sets in the 10-30 repetition range to reduce injury risk, improve cardio-metabolic health, and achieve significant hypertrophy stimulus, especially for beginners.

14. Minimize Rest Times in Gym

Keep rest times between sets minimal (5-10 seconds for transitions) to condense workouts and maximize results for general health and aesthetics, especially when starting out.

15. Pair Unrelated Exercises (Supersets)

To save time and gain cardiovascular benefits, pair exercises that train unrelated muscle groups (e.g., shoulder press with goblet squats), performing sets back-to-back with minimal rest.

16. Implement Regular Deload Weeks

Take a deload week every 6-8 weeks (one week off or very light training) to reduce cumulative fatigue, allow full recovery, and resensitize muscles to training stimulus.

17. Take Annual Active Rest

At least once a year, take two full weeks of active rest (minimal or no gym activity) to completely reset systemic cumulative fatigue and allow for maximal recovery.

18. Intermediate Lifter Volume Guidelines

For intermediate lifters, ensure you are performing at least 10-20 hard working sets per muscle group per week to achieve optimal results.

19. Increase Working Sets Gradually

If recovery is good and strength is stable, gradually increase the number of working sets per exercise from one or two up to three to six over time.

20. Optimize Exercise Technique

Continuously refine your exercise technique to ensure muscles are placed under high force at deep, stretched positions (long muscle lengths) for superior growth stimulus.

21. Incorporate Isolation Work

If you desire specific muscle growth (e.g., bigger arms), incorporate isolation exercises (e.g., curls, tricep extensions) regularly and with sufficient intensity into your training plan.

22. Calibrate Reps in Reserve

Periodically test your limits by training to muscular failure to accurately calibrate your perception of ‘reps in reserve’ and ensure you are pushing hard enough on other sets.

23. Use Objective Training Progression

Implement objective progression by tracking weights and reps, aiming to slightly exceed previous performance each week, which inevitably leads to training close to failure and builds intuition.

24. Manage Growth Expectations Realistically

Contextualize your muscle growth goals and expectations based on your age, genetics, training history, and current lifestyle (stress, sleep, recovery) to avoid frustration and set realistic targets.

25. Seek Certified Personal Trainers

When seeking a personal trainer, look for certifications like the Menno Henselmans PT course, as it indicates a high probability of competence and evidence-based practice.

26. Evaluate Trainer’s Scientific Approach

Choose a trainer who integrates scientific literature and broad basic principles into their practice, rather than relying solely on personal experience or ‘feel’.

27. Prioritize Trainer Rapport

Select a personal trainer with whom you have good rapport and a positive connection, as this can significantly enhance adherence and motivation.

28. Don’t Judge Trainers by Physique

Do not choose a personal trainer based solely on their physique, as their appearance is largely influenced by genetics, diet, and long-term habits, not necessarily superior coaching ability.

29. Prefer Kinesiology Background Trainers

Prefer trainers with an undergraduate degree in kinesiology or a related field, as this often indicates a stronger foundational understanding of exercise science.

30. Evaluate Trainer Advice with AI

Record your trainer’s advice and use advanced AI models (like GPT-4) to evaluate the soundness and evidence-base of their recommendations.

31. Be Ready to Switch Trainers

Be willing to switch trainers if you find their methods ineffective, not aligned with evidence, or if you don’t feel a strong connection after a few weeks or months.

32. Consider GLP-1s for Fat Loss

If appropriate and safe, consider GLP-1 agonists to significantly reduce hunger and achieve lower body fat levels, understanding that they come with potential side effects and don’t eliminate all food focus.

33. GLP-1s Free Willpower Bandwidth

Use GLP-1 agonists to reduce the mental effort required for diet management, freeing up willpower and cognitive bandwidth to focus on other important aspects of life like career or family.

34. Consider Anabolic Steroids

Consider anabolic androgenic steroids for achieving supra-physiological muscle mass and extremely low body fat, but be aware of the wide range of psychological and physical side effects, including potential long-term health risks and the need for meticulous health monitoring.

35. Manage Estrogen with Steroid Choice

(For those using anabolic steroids) Manage estrogen levels by adjusting the ratio of testosterone to non-aromatizing compounds rather than relying heavily on aromatase inhibitors, which are associated with significant neurotoxic and cardiovascular risks.

36. Rigorously Monitor Health During Steroid Use

(For those using anabolic steroids) Rigorously monitor key health metrics like blood pressure and lipid values, and actively manage them to mitigate health risks, especially during high-dose cycles.

37. Consider Fertility Risks with Steroids

Before initiating anabolic steroid use, thoroughly consider your life goals, particularly regarding future fertility, as prolonged use can lead to irreversible spermatogenesis suppression and inability to father children.

38. Understand Permanent Steroid Muscle Advantage

Be aware that using anabolic steroids, even temporarily, can lead to a permanent increase in muscle mass beyond natural limits, providing a lasting advantage that must be considered in competitive contexts.

39. Podcast Premium Membership

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