← The Peter Attia Drive

#287 ‒ Lower back pain: causes, treatment, and prevention of lower back injuries and pain | Stuart McGill, Ph.D.

Jan 29, 2024 2h 35m 34 insights
<p><a href="https://peterattiamd.com/stuartmcgill/?utm_source=podcast-feed&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=230129-pod-stuartmcgill&amp;utm_content=230129-pod-stuartmcgill-podfeed"> View the Show Notes Page for This Episode</a></p> <p><a href="https://peterattiamd.com/subscribe/?utm_source=podcast-feed&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=230129-pod-stuartmcgill&amp;utm_content=230129-pod-stuartmcgill-podfeed"> Become a Member to Receive Exclusive Content</a></p> <p><a href="https://peterattiamd.com/newsletter/?utm_source=podcast-feed&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=230129-pod-stuartmcgill&amp;utm_content=230129-pod-stuartmcgill-podfeed"> Sign Up to Receive Peter's Weekly Newsletter</a></p> <p>Stuart McGill is a distinguished professor emeritus at the University of Waterloo and the chief scientific officer at Backfitpro Inc. where he specializes in evaluating complex cases of lower back pain from across the globe. In this episode, Stuart engages in a deep exploration of lower back pain, starting with the anatomy of the lower back, the workings of the spine, the pathophysiology of back pain, and areas of vulnerability. He challenges the concept of nonspecific back pain, emphasizing the importance of finding a causal relationship between injury and pain. Stuart highlights compelling case studies of the successful treatment of complex cases of lower back pain, reinforcing his conviction that nobody needs to suffer endlessly. He also covers the importance of strength and stability, shares his favorite exercises to prescribe to patients, and provides invaluable advice for maintaining a healthy spine.</p> <p><strong>We discuss:</strong></p> <ul type="disc"> <li>Peter's experience with debilitating back pain [3:30];</li> <li>Anatomy of the back: spine, discs, facet joints, and common pain points [14:45];</li> <li>Lower back injuries and pain: acute vs. chronic, impact of disc damage, microfractures, and more [24:45];</li> <li>Why the majority of back injuries happen around the L4, L5, and S1 joints [31:00];</li> <li>How the spine responds to forces like bending and loading, and how it adapts do different athletic activities [36:15];</li> <li>The pathology of bulging discs [43:15];</li> <li>The pathophysiology of Peter's back pain, injuries from excessive loading, immune response to back injuries, muscle relaxers, and more [46:00];</li> <li>The three most important exercises Stuart prescribes, how he assesses patients, and the importance of tailored exercises based on individual needs and body types [56:15];</li> <li>The significance of strength and stability in preventing injuries and preserving longevity [1:08:15];</li> <li>Stuart's take on squats and deadlifting: potential risks, alternatives, and importance of correct movement patterns [1:19:30];</li> <li>Helping patients with psychological trauma from lower back pain by empowering them with the understanding of the mechanical aspects of their pain [1:30:00];</li> <li>Empowering patients through education and understanding of their pain through Stuart's clinic and work through BackFitPro [1:39:00];</li> <li>When surgical interventions may be appropriate, and "virtual surgery" as an alternative [1:46:45];</li> <li>Weakness, nerve pain, and stenosis: treatments, surgical considerations, and more [1:55:30];</li> <li>Tarlov cysts: treatment and surgical considerations [2:00:15];</li> <li>The evolution of patient assessments and the limitations of MRI [2:02:15];</li> <li>Pain relief related to stiffness and muscle bulk through training [2:07:00];</li> <li>Advice for the young person on how to keep a healthy spine [2:14:15];</li> <li>Resources for individuals dealing with lower back pain [2:25:30]; and</li> <li>More.</li> </ul> <p>Connect With Peter on <a href="https://twitter.com/PeterAttiaMD">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.instagram.com/peterattiamd/">Instagram</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/peterattiamd/">Facebook</a> and <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8kGsMa0LygSX9nkBcBH1Sg">YouTube</a></p>
Actionable Insights

1. Understand Pain Mechanism for Empowerment

Seek a healthcare provider who focuses on understanding the specific mechanical mechanism of your back pain, as this knowledge can empower you, alleviate psychological distress, and guide effective mitigation strategies.

2. Demand Dynamic Pain Mechanism Assessment

When seeking help for back pain, ensure your assessment includes dynamic observation of your movement, palpation of muscles, and testing specific postures to identify the precise mechanical triggers of your pain, rather than relying solely on static imaging.

3. Perform McGill Big Three for Core Stability

Incorporate the McGill Big Three exercises (modified curl-up, side plank, bird dog) into your routine to build core stiffness and stability, which can enhance athletic performance, prevent injury by reducing energy leaks, and provide temporary pain relief.

4. Prioritize Core Stability to Prevent Injury

Prioritize developing core stability to prevent ’energy leakage’ during movement, as this not only enhances performance but critically reduces the predisposition to injury, especially as you age.

5. Read “Back Mechanic” for Self-Assessment

Read ‘Back Mechanic’ by Stuart McGill to conduct a self-assessment, understand the specific mechanism of your back pain, and learn strategies to mitigate it, as it guides you through identifying pain triggers and appropriate exercises.

6. Avoid Simultaneous Load and Motion

Avoid excessive simultaneous load and motion, especially at end ranges, to prevent delamination of disc fibers, which can lead to disc damage and pain.

7. Don’t Mix Spinal Adaptation Schedules

Do not mix adaptation schedules for spinal training; if you train for powerlifting, focus on torso stiffness, and for yoga, focus on flexibility, to prevent specific injury patterns.

8. Prioritize Sustainable Athleticism Over Max Lifts

For middle-aged individuals, re-evaluate deadlift goals; prioritize sustainable athleticism for long-term joint health and the ability to perform daily tasks over setting personal bests, which can cause micro-fractures and lead to joint issues.

9. Aim for Sufficient Fitness, Not Max

Shift your fitness mindset from maximizing every strength, mobility, or endurance metric to achieving ‘sufficient’ levels in each, which promotes sustainable joint health and overall well-being, avoiding both rust-out and wear-out.

10. Allow Natural Inflammatory Response

If experiencing a disc herniation, consider allowing the natural inflammatory response to occur for about two weeks, as recent data suggests it helps the immune system clean up extruded disc material, potentially making anti-inflammatory drugs counterproductive in the long term.

11. Address Low-Grade Aches with Posture

For low-grade back aches, explore postural adjustments and targeted relaxation techniques (e.g., lying on tummy, deep breathing, specific hand placement under hips) to address micro-movements and muscular tension, potentially avoiding the need for muscle relaxants.

12. Practice Subtle Postural Cues

Practice subtle postural cues like softening your knees, pulling your chin back (ears over shoulders, shoulders over hips), and opening your hips to achieve muscular relaxation and reduce spinal load, which can alleviate chronic tension.

13. Train Core with Russian Pyramid

When performing core exercises like the McGill Big Three, use the Russian descending pyramid approach: repeated 10-second intervals to build endurance and stiffness without reaching fatigue or breaking form, allowing for higher training levels.

14. Time Big Three for Pain Relief

If the McGill Big Three provides temporary pain relief, schedule 12-minute sessions mid-morning and mid-afternoon to maintain core stiffness and manage pain throughout the day.

15. Utilize Alternative Leg Strength Training

Incorporate alternative leg strength training methods like sled work, backwards walking up hills, and monster walks to build sustainable athleticism and endurance, sparing joints from the high axial loads of traditional squats and deadlifts.

16. Develop Strong Grip Strength

Develop and maintain strong grip strength through activities like carrying heavy objects or chopping wood, as it serves as an excellent proxy for longevity and reflects overall body work and stability.

17. Consider “Virtual Surgery” for Back Pain

If advised surgery for back pain, consider ‘virtual surgery’ by strictly adhering to forced rest, strategically desensitizing your pain mechanism, and gradually re-tuning your body with specific mobility, stability, and movement skills to avoid replicating the initial problem.

18. Treat Movable Nerve Pain Conservatively

If experiencing nerve pain or sciatica, seek an assessment that can determine if the pain can be ‘moved’ (made worse or better) through specific movements or postures, as this indicates a mechanical component that can often be successfully treated conservatively without surgery.

19. Identify Best Surgical Indications

Understand that surgery is often most effective for severe spinal stenosis (encroachment from front and back), significant spondylolisthesis causing nerve compression, or post-traumatic instability, where mechanical decompression or stabilization is critical.

20. Recognize Red Flags for Urgent Care

Be aware of ‘red flag’ symptoms (e.g., unexplained weight loss, fever, bowel/bladder changes, severe progressive neurological deficits) that warrant immediate medical investigation, as these indicate serious conditions requiring surgical or urgent medical intervention, not conservative back pain management.

21. Value Dynamic Over Static MRI Assessment

Recognize that MRIs are static images and may not reveal dynamic pain triggers like spinal instability or ‘clunking’ movements; a dynamic assessment (e.g., with a skilled clinician) is crucial to understand the true mechanism of pain.

22. Control Spinal Clunking with Deep Flexors

To control spinal instability and ‘clunking’ that causes pain, activate deep flexor muscles by pushing your tongue hard to the roof of your mouth behind your front teeth and grimacing down, maintaining this controlling stiffness during movement.

23. Embrace Arthritis for Joint Stability

Understand that some degree of arthritis can actually contribute to joint stability, particularly in the spine, and may lead to a reduction in pain over time, even if it results in decreased mobility.

24. Minimize Lower Spine Bending Stress

Be aware that the lower lumbar spine (L4/L5/S1) is more susceptible to bending stresses due to its thickness and disc shape, making it crucial to minimize excessive bending, especially under load.

25. Rest Week Between Heavy Deadlifts

If engaging in heavy deadlifts, ensure at least a week of rest between sessions to allow for bone callus formation and prevent the accumulation of micro-fractures, which can lead to more severe injuries if training too frequently.

26. Understand Tissue Load Responses

Understand how different biological structures in the spine (e.g., bone, disc) respond to various loads (tension, compression, shear) to avoid specific types of damage, as tissues deform differently under these forces.

27. Prevent Disc Damage to Avoid Hypersensitivity

Understand that disc damage can lead to the growth of new nerves and blood vessels into the disc, making it more sensitive to pain, highlighting the importance of preventing initial injury.

28. Respect Spine’s Engineered Trade-offs

Recognize that the human spine is a perfectly engineered structure with inherent trade-offs between flexibility and load-bearing capacity, meaning certain movements or loads may lead to damage if not respected.

29. Learn from Elite Athlete Movement

Do not dismiss insights from elite athletes’ training, as their movement efficiency and strategies for managing load can be adapted to improve mobility, strength, and injury prevention for people of all ages and conditions.

30. Master Fundamental Movement Patterns

Learn and practice fundamental movement patterns, such as proper squat mechanics for sitting and standing, to restore function, prevent injury, and maintain independence, especially for daily activities like getting off a toilet.

31. Counter Sedentary Work with Activity

Be mindful that sedentary work, particularly prolonged sitting, can lead to a decline in health and fitness; proactively integrate physical activity and movement breaks throughout your day to counteract this.

32. Recognize Triggers for Behavior Change

Recognize that motivating significant behavioral change, especially for long-term health benefits like spinal longevity, often requires a personal realization stemming from sufficient discomfort or a compelling reason, as short-term sacrifices are difficult without immediate pressing needs.

33. Find McGill-Certified Clinicians

If self-assessment is insufficient, seek out certified or master clinicians trained in Stuart McGill’s methods via backfitpro.com, as they are equipped to conduct thorough mechanistic assessments of back pain.

34. Adopt Restrictive Lifestyle Trial

To potentially improve blood markers and overall health, consider adopting a more restrictive lifestyle, similar to Peter Attia’s, by reducing alcohol consumption and adhering to a disciplined diet for a trial period, as Stuart McGill did to test its impact on his genetics.