← The Peter Attia Drive

#286 ‒ Journal club with Andrew Huberman: the impact of light exposure on mental health and an immunotherapy breakthrough for cancer treatment

Jan 22, 2024 2h 46m 28 insights
<p><a href="https://peterattiamd.com/andrewhuberman3/?utm_source=podcast-feed&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=230122-pod-andrewhuberman3&amp;utm_content=230122-pod-andrewhuberman3-podfeed"> View the Show Notes Page for This Episode</a></p> <p><a href="https://peterattiamd.com/subscribe/?utm_source=podcast-feed&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=230122-pod-andrewhuberman3&amp;utm_content=230122-pod-andrewhuberman3-podfeed"> Become a Member to Receive Exclusive Content</a></p> <p><a href="https://peterattiamd.com/newsletter/?utm_source=podcast-feed&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=230122-pod-andrewhuberman3&amp;utm_content=230122-pod-andrewhuberman3-podfeed"> Sign Up to Receive Peter's Weekly Newsletter</a></p> <p>Andrew Huberman, professor of neurobiology at Stanford University and host of the Huberman Lab podcast, returns for another special journal club episode. Andrew introduces an observational study investigating the influence of light exposure on circadian clock regulation and its link to mental health, while Peter covers a phase III clinical trial employing immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of metastatic cancer. They delve into the essential findings of their respective papers, elucidate the reasons for their enthusiasm, and tackle potential limitations and unanswered questions. Additionally, they provide valuable insights into their approaches for comprehending research studies, aiding listeners in independently navigating this process.</p> <p><strong>We discuss:</strong></p> <ul type="disc"> <li>The intricate relationship between light exposure, circadian rhythms, and mental health [3:30];</li> <li>The importance of low solar angle sunlight, and other types of light needed for optimal mental and physical health [12:00];</li> <li>Promising new lightbulb technology that simulates low solar angle sunlight [17:45];</li> <li>The significance of both darkness and the need for direct light exposure to the eyes, specifically [20:00];</li> <li>Some tips and advice regarding optimizing light exposure, blue blockers, and effects on circadian rhythm [22:15];</li> <li>Andrew presents a paper which suggests avoiding light at night and seeking light during the day is associated with better mental health [25:45];</li> <li>Examining the data: the negative impact of increasing nighttime light exposure and the positive effects of daytime light exposure [34:30];</li> <li>Statistical analysis: the importance of focusing not only on statistical significance but also clinical relevance, power analysis, error bar range, and more [45:45];</li> <li>Takeaways from the study of daytime and nighttime light exposure [49:45];</li> <li>The practicalities of minimizing light exposure and screen time at night, the use of sleep trackers, and overall challenge of modern, indoor lifestyles [55:15];</li> <li>Potential limitations of the light exposure study, reverse causality, and the complex interplay of variables in epidemiological studies [1:06:00];</li> <li>A tangent on diet soda and sugar substitutes as an example of reverse causality [1:13:15];</li> <li>Andrew and Peter's take on the causality vs. correlation of light exposure to mental health, the damage of circadian disruption, and the interpretation of observational data [1:17:30];</li> <li>A primer on the immune system as background for the paper Peter chose [1:25:00];</li> <li>Background on cancer: causes, how it evades the immune system, and the logic behind immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy [1:35:45];</li> <li>Peter presents a paper on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in cancer patients [1:50:15];</li> <li>Unpacking the results of the checkpoint inhibitor trial [1:59:45];</li> <li>Other noteworthy observations, including the differing results between males and females [2:15:30];</li> <li>Adverse effects resulting from treatment with an immune checkpoint inhibitor targeting CTLA-4 [2:20:00];</li> <li>Why melanoma is especially responsive to immunotherapy, and the remarkable success story of immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer [2:25:15];</li> <li>Why immunotherapy may be the most important hope we have for treating cancer [2:35:30];</li> <li>Avoiding melanoma: the sunscreen debate, sunburn as the biggest risk factor, and more [2:38:45]; and</li> <li>More.</li> </ul> <p>Connect With Peter on <a href="https://twitter.com/PeterAttiaMD">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.instagram.com/peterattiamd/">Instagram</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/peterattiamd/">Facebook</a> and <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8kGsMa0LygSX9nkBcBH1Sg">YouTube</a></p>
Actionable Insights

1. Prioritize Nighttime Dark Exposure

Make a point to get dark exposure at night (absence of light), as this is important for mental health outcomes, even if daytime sunlight exposure is insufficient. This practice is especially beneficial for individuals with certain mental health issues.

2. Optimize Daily Light Exposure

Strive to view low solar angle sunlight early in the day and again later in the day, and get as much bright light from sunlight as safely possible throughout the day. If natural sunlight is not consistently available, consider investing in a high-quality sunrise/evening simulator.

3. Get Morning Sunlight Exposure

On non-cloudy days, aim for at least 10 minutes of sunlight in your eyes in the early part of the day. This practice helps set your circadian clock and is correlated with elevated mood.

4. View Evening Low-Angle Sunlight

View low solar angle sunlight in the evening as often as possible to phase delay your circadian clock, which helps you stay up a little later and wake up a little later. This can also partially offset the negative effects of artificial light exposure at night.

5. Dim Evening Lights, Lower Fixtures

In the evening, dim your lights and ideally use lights that are set lower in your environment, avoiding overhead lights. This helps minimize disruptive light exposure and supports your circadian rhythm.

6. Avoid Sunglasses Early/Late

Avoid wearing sunglasses in the early and later parts of the day, unless driving into the sun for safety reasons. This allows sufficient photons to reach your eyes, which is crucial for circadian rhythm regulation.

7. Avoid Daytime Blue Blockers

Do not wear blue blockers in the middle of the day, as this is considered detrimental. Necessary daytime light signaling is interfered with by blocking blue light during these hours.

8. Darkness as Bipolar Treatment

For individuals with bipolar disorder, ensure eight hours of darkness every night. This is considered a crucial treatment, as nighttime light exposure significantly exacerbates bipolar symptoms, independent of daytime light.

9. Manage Nighttime Screen Content

Be mindful of the content you consume on screens at night, as the emotional or mental stimulation from stressful content can be more disruptive to sleep and well-being than the light itself. Prioritize relaxing content if using screens before bed.

10. Don’t Check Time at Night

If you wake up in the middle of the night, avoid looking at what time it is. This can be very disruptive to your ability to fall back asleep and negatively impact your perceived energy levels the next day.

11. Boost Morning Cortisol Spike

View bright sunlight in the morning to increase the amplitude of your morning cortisol spike, which is beneficial. A higher morning spike is inversely related to evening cortisol, reducing middle-of-the-night waking.

12. Outdoor Light Over Window Light

Do not rely on light coming through standard windows for circadian rhythm regulation, as most relevant wavelengths are filtered out unless the sun is directly visible. Skylights are an exception as they allow more effective light exposure from above.

13. Prioritize Morning Low-Angle Light

If you have to choose between viewing low solar angle light early or later in the day, prioritize the morning light. If you miss a day, aim to get twice as much light the next morning, as it’s a slow, integrative mechanism.

14. Evening Sun Offsets Night Light

Viewing afternoon and evening sunlight can partially offset the negative effects of artificial light exposure at night, halving melatonin suppression. Consider this a ‘Netflix inoculation’ to mitigate harm from evening screen time.

15. Use Red Light Bulbs

Replace evening light bulbs with red light bulbs or use red party lights to minimize disruptive light exposure at night. This can help maintain a natural circadian rhythm without needing expensive red light units.

16. Midday Sun for Mood, Not Clock

While bright midday sun is great for increasing mood and feelings of well-being, it will not help anchor your sleep-wake cycle. Focus on early morning and late evening low solar angle sunlight for circadian rhythm regulation.

17. Treat SAD with Bright Light

For Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), use a SAD lamp providing more than 10,000 lux of bright light, especially in the morning. This treatment has proven fairly effective in alleviating SAD symptoms.

18. Avoid Sunburn for Melanoma

To prevent melanoma, focus on avoiding sunburn, especially repeated sunburns early in life, rather than merely limiting all sun exposure. Differentiate between healthy sun exposure for vitamin D and damaging UV exposure that causes scorching.

19. Use Mineral Sunscreens

Use traditional mineral sunscreens for sun protection, as they are considered perfectly safe. These types of sunscreens are not associated with endocrine disruption, unlike some other formulations.

20. Limit Artificial Sweetener Intake

Exercise caution and use artificial sweeteners in limited amounts only, as they can potentially disrupt brain chemistry, gut chemistry, and metabolism. While not linked to cancer, their long-term metabolic effects warrant prudence.

21. Choose Xylitol and Allulose

If consuming sweeteners, consider xylitol (for chewing gum) and allulose (as an additive) as potentially safer alternatives. These are the only two the speaker will consume due to their perceived safety profile.

22. Track Calories for Awareness

Utilize calorie tracking apps (like Carbon) to gain awareness of your caloric intake and consumption patterns. The act of tracking can help manage intake and gamify healthy eating behaviors.

23. Mindful Sleep Tracker Use

Use sleep trackers as a tool for insight and behavioral change, but be mindful of their psychological impact. A poor sleep score should be an indication to adjust habits, not a reason to decide you’ll have a terrible day, and focus on averages rather than daily fluctuations.

24. Measure Light with App

Download and use a free ‘Light Meter’ app to measure lux levels in your environment. This helps you understand the actual brightness of light sources, including natural and artificial ones.

25. Learn to Read Scientific Papers

To avoid misrepresentation by news media, learn to read scientific papers yourself by practicing. Review papers before listening to discussions to identify key points and questions, which helps in understanding research and what is truly reported.

26. Modulate Immunity with Age

Consider strategies to modulate immunity as you age, such as potentially using rapamycin (if taken correctly), which has shown to enhance cellular immunity and vaccine response in short-term human experiments. This could be a significant factor in cancer prevention, though more research is needed.

27. Support Ad-Free Health Content

Subscribe to Peter Attia’s premium membership for exclusive content and benefits to deepen knowledge in health and wellness. This supports ad-free content and aims to provide value exceeding the subscription cost.

28. Minimize Night Phone Light

When using phones or tablets at night, minimize screen brightness and consider using built-in features to eliminate blue light. The amount of direct light exposure you get at night, and its duration, significantly impacts your circadian rhythm.