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#260 ‒ Men's Sexual Health: why it matters, what can go wrong, and how to fix it | Mohit Khera, M.D., M.B.A., M.P.H.

Jun 26, 2023 2h 33m 36 insights
<p><a href="https://peterattiamd.com/mohitkhera/?utm_source=podcast-feed&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=230626-pod-mohitkhera&amp;utm_content=230626-pod-mohitkhera-podfeed"> View the Show Notes Page for This Episode</a></p> <p><a href="https://peterattiamd.com/subscribe/?utm_source=podcast-feed&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=230626-pod-mohitkhera&amp;utm_content=230626-pod-mohitkhera-podfeed"> Become a Member to Receive Exclusive Content</a></p> <p><a href="https://peterattiamd.com/newsletter/?utm_source=podcast-feed&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=230626-pod-mohitkhera&amp;utm_content=230626-pod-mohitkhera-podfeed"> Sign Up to Receive Peter's Weekly Newsletter</a></p> <p>Mohit Khera is a world-renowned urologist with expertise in sexual medicine and testosterone therapy. In this episode, Mohit provides a comprehensive overview of male sexual health. He begins with an in-depth exploration of erectile dysfunction, shedding light on its prevalence across different age groups, diagnostic methods, and its intriguing connection to cardiovascular disease. He then ventures into Peyronie's disease, penile fractures, penile enlargement treatments, prolonged erections, premature ejaculation, and anorgasmia. Shifting gears, Mohit delves into the intricate workings of testosterone, DHT, and estrogen, emphasizing their physiological significance and interplay. He explains blood tests for diagnosing low testosterone, the correlation between symptoms and blood levels in cases of low testosterone, and the pros and cons of different methodologies for increasing testosterone. He concludes with a thought-provoking conversation about the role of testosterone in patients with prostate cancer and addresses concerns surrounding DHT, finasteride, and post-finasteride syndrome.</p> <p><strong>We discuss:</strong></p> <ul type="disc"> <li>Mohit's career path and interest in sexual medicine and infertility [3:00];</li> <li>The anatomy of the male genitalia [5:45];</li> <li>The prevalence of sexual dysfunction, its impact on quality of life, and the importance of seeking help [7:15];</li> <li>Erectile dysfunction (ED): definition, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and more [11:00];</li> <li>The history of medications to treat ED and the mechanisms of how they work [15:30];</li> <li>Relationship between aging and erectile dysfunction and Mohit's approach to treating patients and prescribing medications [20:00];</li> <li>The impact of lifestyle on sexual health and the association between ED and cardiovascular disease [29:30];</li> <li>Causes and treatments for Peyronie's Disease, penile fracture, and more [37:30];</li> <li>The value of ultrasound for ED diagnosis and management strategies [47:45];</li> <li>Various treatment options for ED: injections, penile prosthesis, and more [50:15];</li> <li>Priapism (prolonged erection): what is happening and when to seek treatment [57:15];</li> <li>Shockwave therapy as a treatment for ED [1:02:45];</li> <li>Stem cell therapy for ED [1:08:15];</li> <li>Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections as a treatment for ED [1:12:00];</li> <li>Premature ejaculation (PE): prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment [1:14:45];</li> <li>Anorgasmia: causes and treatment [1:22:00];</li> <li>The interplay of sex hormones, the impact of aging, symptoms of low testosterone, and considerations for testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) [1:26:45];</li> <li>Methods for increasing endogenous testosterone [1:38:45];</li> <li>Testosterone replacement therapy: various forms of exogenous testosterone, weighing risk vs. reward, and more [1:52:30];</li> <li>The physiology and purpose of testosterone and DHT, why some men feel fine even with "low" testosterone, personalized approaches to treating low testosterone, and more [2:02:30];</li> <li>Post-finasteride syndrome [2:09:00];</li> <li>The role of testosterone in prostate cancer and addressing the notion that TRT could increase risk [2:16:15];</li> <li>The effects of testosterone as an adjunct to therapy for estrogen-sensitive breast cancer in women [2:27:15];</li> <li>Resources for those looking for healthcare providers [2:28:45]; and</li> <li>More.</li> </ul> <p>Connect With Peter on <a href="https://twitter.com/PeterAttiaMD">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.instagram.com/peterattiamd/">Instagram</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/peterattiamd/">Facebook</a> and <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8kGsMa0LygSX9nkBcBH1Sg">YouTube</a></p>
Actionable Insights

1. ED Signals Cardiovascular Risk

View erectile dysfunction (ED) as a potential early warning sign of cardiovascular disease, prompting a comprehensive cardiovascular health assessment, as risk factors for both conditions are nearly identical.

2. Prioritize Lifestyle for Sexual Health

Implement lifestyle modifications, including diet, exercise, adequate sleep, and stress reduction, as these have a significant positive impact on erectile function and overall quality of life.

3. Avoid Finasteride and Dutasteride

Refrain from using finasteride or dutasteride due to concerns about ‘post-finasteride syndrome,’ which can cause irreversible sexual and neurological symptoms, and an increased risk of suicidal ideation.

4. Testosterone Therapy: Symptom-Driven

When considering testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), prioritize addressing symptoms like low energy, libido, ED, increased fat, decreased muscle, depression, or poor sleep, rather than focusing solely on blood test numbers.

5. Avoid Unnecessary Testosterone Therapy

Do not start testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) if you are asymptomatic, as it can suppress your body’s natural production and may lead to lifelong dependence without current need.

6. Daily Cialis for Penile Health

Consider taking 5mg daily Cialis as a preventative measure or when mild ED symptoms appear, as it can promote hypertrophy of cavernosal smooth muscle, keep penile tissue healthy, and improve endothelial function.

7. Address Sexual Dysfunction Openly

Do not suffer in silence; seek care for sexual dysfunction due to its significant impact on quality of life. Patients should feel empowered to discuss sexual health, and clinicians should proactively ask about it.

8. Priapism: Seek Emergency Care

If an erection lasts longer than four hours (priapism), seek immediate medical attention at the emergency room to prevent potential permanent damage to penile tissue.

9. Penile Fracture: Immediate Medical Attention

If you experience a ‘sudden pop’ and significant swelling in the penile shaft during sexual activity, seek immediate medical attention for a potential penile fracture.

10. Treat ED Before Premature Ejaculation

When a patient presents with both erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation (PE), prioritize treating the ED first, as improving erection maintenance can often resolve or improve PE.

11. Injectable Testosterone: Preferred Method

For testosterone replacement, consider subcutaneous injections (e.g., 50mg cypionate twice a week) as a preferred method due to its effectiveness, lower cost, and more physiological levels compared to other forms.

12. Protect Spermatogenesis with HCG

If taking exogenous testosterone, consider co-administering 500 units of HCG every other day to help protect endogenous testicular function and spermatogenesis.

13. Fertility Preservation on Testosterone

For men on testosterone therapy who wish to preserve or restore fertility, consider HCG (1500-3000 units three times a week) or Clomid; for recovery from long-term suppression, HCG with recombinant FSH may be used.

14. BPH: Alpha Blocker or Cialis

For benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), consider alpha blockers (e.g., alfuzosin for lower retrograde ejaculation risk) or daily Cialis as medical treatment options, avoiding 5-alpha reductase inhibitors.

15. Peyronie’s: Use Traction Devices

For Peyronie’s disease, use penile traction devices (e.g., Restorex) for 30 minutes, twice daily for three months, to potentially increase length, girth, and straighten curvature (also off-label for general enlargement).

16. Maintain Regular Erections

Engage in regular sexual activity and ensure nocturnal erections to maintain penile muscle health and oxygenation, preventing atrophy and supporting erectile function.

17. Identify Psychogenic ED

If you experience ED but can achieve erections with masturbation or morning erections, it suggests psychogenic ED, which is treated with sex therapy and/or daily Cialis, rather than solely organic treatments.

18. Intranasal Testosterone for Fertility

Consider intranasal testosterone (Natesto, 11mg three times daily) as an option that may not significantly suppress spermatogenesis, offering a potential advantage for fertility-conscious men.

19. Oral Testosterone Undecanoate Considerations

Oral testosterone undecanoate (e.g., Jotenzo, Talando, Keisotrex) is an option that avoids hepatotoxicity, but requires twice-daily dosing with meals (preferably fatty meals for older formulations) for proper absorption.

20. Testosterone Pellets: Manage Expectations

If considering testosterone pellets, be aware of the sharp decline in levels after 3-4 months, potentially requiring shorter intervals, and plan for 72 hours of no exercise post-insertion.

21. Avoid Topical Testosterone for Men

Avoid topical testosterone gels for men due to variable absorption, difficulty achieving desired levels, the burden of daily application, and the risk of transference to others.

22. Cialis Benefits for BPH

For men with BPH, daily Cialis (5mg) is an FDA-approved treatment that can also improve erections, offering an alternative to Flomax which can cause retrograde ejaculation.

23. Cialis for Endothelial Health

Daily Cialis (5mg) may improve systemic endothelial dysfunction, with benefits potentially persisting even after cessation, suggesting a broader cardiovascular health benefit.

24. Peyronie’s: Active Phase Management

During the active phase of Peyronie’s disease (first 12 months), focus on anti-inflammatories and potentially traction devices to prevent progression, as surgical options are typically reserved for the quiescent (stable) phase.

25. Vary ED Injection Sites

If using penile injections for ED, vary the injection site (e.g., opposite sides every other day) to mitigate trauma and reduce the risk of Peyronie’s disease.

26. Shockwave Therapy: Use Caution

Low-intensity shockwave therapy (LIST) for mild to moderate ED shows promise by promoting neo-angiogenesis and stem cell recruitment, but use with caution as it’s still considered investigational and many commercial devices may be ineffective.

27. Stem Cells/PRP: Investigational Therapies

Stem cell and PRP therapies for ED are largely investigational, with limited or no placebo-controlled trial data and no FDA approval, so approach with caution and awareness of the lack of proven efficacy.

28. Premature Ejaculation: First-Line Treatments

For premature ejaculation (PE), first-line treatments include lidocaine spray (applied 10 minutes prior, wiped off), on-demand SSRIs (taken 6-8 hours prior), and sex therapy techniques like start-stop or squeeze.

29. Premature Ejaculation: Second-Line Options

Second-line therapies for premature ejaculation (PE) include tramadol (use with caution due to addiction risk) and alpha blockers like Flomax.

30. SSRIs and Delayed Ejaculation

If experiencing anorgasmia or delayed ejaculation while on SSRIs, discuss with your doctor reducing the SSRI dose, as ejaculatory latency can be sensitive to dosage.

31. Testosterone Therapy: Monitor PSA

If starting testosterone therapy after radiation for prostate cancer, expect an initial rise in PSA until testosterone levels reach saturation (around 250 ng/dL), and discuss this with your oncologist and patient to manage expectations.

32. Seek Sexual Medicine Specialist

If seeking specialized care for male sexual health, find a provider through the Sexual Medicine Society of North America website, which lists qualified professionals.

33. Diagnose ED with SEP2/SEP3

Use the simple SEP2 and SEP3 questions (ability to get and maintain an erection for penetration/orgasm) to self-diagnose or discuss with a doctor if you have erectile dysfunction (ED).

34. Self-Diagnose Premature Ejaculation

Self-diagnose premature ejaculation (PE) if you experience a decreased ejaculatory time (e.g., <2 minutes for lifelong PE, or 50% reduction for acquired PE), a sense of loss of control, and are bothered by the condition.

35. Penile Band for Venous Leak

If experiencing venous leak, a penile band (or manual pressure at the base) can be used to compress veins and prevent blood outflow, improving erection rigidity.

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