← The Peter Attia Drive

#26 - AMA #3: supplements, women's health, patient care, and more

Oct 29, 2018 2h 8m 48 insights
<p>In this "Ask Me Anything" (AMA) episode, Peter answers a wide range of questions from readers and podcast listeners. Bob Kaplan, Peter's head analyst, asks the questions.</p> <p><span> This also marks the first video release of the podcast. You can find it on YouTube (</span><a href="https://youtu.be/kzs7GgxR_FQ">https://youtu.be/kzs7GgxR_FQ</a><span>) and the website (</span><a href="http://peterattiamd.com/ama03">peterattiamd.com/ama03</a><span>).</span></p> <p>If you have any questions for the next AMA, please submit them to the AMA section on the website (<a href="http://peterattiamd.com/">peterattiamd.com</a>).</p> <p>We discuss:</p> <ul> <li>What references ranges does Peter consider too broad on lab tests? [5:30];</li> <li>What aspect of women's health is the least studied/understood? [21:15];</li> <li>What are your thoughts on fasting and ketosis for females? [31:30];</li> <li>Advice for medical students and residents, how to get through it, and optimize their time while in med school [38:00];</li> <li>What is Peter's opinion on the best way to monetize a podcast to make it sustainable? [47:45];</li> <li>What are you looking to achieve and monitor with your blood glucose monitor? [57:15];</li> <li>Thoughts on lithium supplementation? [1:08:15];</li> <li>Insights about berberine? [1:16:00];</li> <li>Why does Peter take a baby aspirin? What does the science say? [1:19:20];</li> <li>How do you use HR variability as a metric in your practice and/or in your own personal use? Sleep, pre/post exercise, pre/post eating, every morning readiness? [1:23:25];</li> <li>With the emergence of "the coconut oil is pure poison" article, can you shed some light on saturated fat in the literature and the types of studies done specifically on coconut oil? [1:38:45];</li> <li>Would you discuss the recent meta studies that claim that moderate carbohydrate intake may be best for health? [1:40:45];</li> <li>What is the number one recommendation/habit you would suggest every person add to their daily regimen (besides physical activity) for wholesome health? [1:42:45];</li> <li>What does it mean if your body has a harder time getting into ketosis via fasting than it used to (testing using a Precision Xtra)? [1:44:15];</li> <li>Why are you taking Zetia and Lipitor? Are you mitigating risk based on your APOE4? Or is there something else going on? [1:46:10];</li> <li>What will your book be about and what is the expected release date? [1:47:45];</li> <li>What are your thoughts on nicotinamide riboside supplementation for longevity? [1:49:30];</li> <li>Which brand of supplements have you found to be effective? [1:54:30];</li> <li>Are you currently accepting new patients? And how do I find a 'Peter Attia clone' in my area? [1:56:20];</li> <li>Bob's personal experience with Peter as a doctor [1:58:45];</li> <li>Can you tell us more about the latest and best of APOE4? [2:06:15]; and</li> <li>More.</li> </ul> <p> Learn more at <a href="http://www.peterattiamd.com/">www.PeterAttiaMD.com</a></p> <div> Connect with Peter on <a href="Facebook.com/PeterAttiaMD" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Facebook</a>| <a href="Twitter.com/PeterAttiaMD" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Twitter</a>| <a href="Instagram.com/PeterAttiaMD" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Instagram</a>.</div>
Actionable Insights

1. Prioritize Sleep for Quickest Benefit

Recognize that sleep deprivation causes the quickest and most severe health decline. Prioritize getting sufficient, high-quality sleep as it has the most immediate impact on your overall well-being.

2. Optimize Bedroom Temperature

Set your bedroom temperature to be as cold as humanly possible, aiming for a level where you feel incredibly uncomfortable when first getting under the covers, for optimal sleep quality.

3. Avoid Late-Night Carb-Heavy Meals

Refrain from consuming carb-heavy or ‘shitty’ meals close to bedtime, as this can increase your respiratory rate and diminish sleep quality and recovery.

4. Commit Deeply to Your Health

Dedicate as much effort and emphasis to managing your health as you would to any other deeply cared-for pursuit, such as a hobby or investment, to achieve meaningful results.

5. Be an Engaged Patient

Thoroughly understand your lab results and actively participate in your healthcare discussions, as engaged patients extract the most value from their healthcare team.

6. Critically Evaluate Nutritional Studies

Be highly skeptical of nutritional epidemiology studies, especially those relying on food frequency questionnaires, due to their inherent limitations and often low hazard ratios, which can lead to misleading conclusions.

7. Demand Absolute Risk Data

When evaluating health claims or study results, always consider both relative and absolute risk, along with the study duration, as relative risk alone can be highly misleading.

8. Use CGM for Behavior Control

Utilize a Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) as a powerful behavioral tool to avoid unhealthy food choices by making glucose spikes visible and undesirable, thereby motivating healthier eating habits.

9. Calibrate Diet & Activity with CGM

Employ CGM data to empirically calibrate how different activity levels, periods of nutrient deprivation, and consumption of treats affect your glucose levels, allowing you to minimize metabolic damage.

10. Aim for Low Glucose Variability

Monitor your glucose standard deviation via CGM and strive for low glucose variability, as this serves as a good proxy for maintaining low insulin levels and better overall metabolic health.

11. Cycle IGF-1 Levels

Instead of consistently maintaining low IGF-1, aim to cycle your IGF-1 levels between high and low, potentially through strategies like fasting and refeeding, to promote tissue regeneration and rejuvenation.

12. Set Stringent Triglyceride Goals

Aim to keep your triglycerides below 100 mg/dL, and ideally lower than your HDL cholesterol (when both are measured in mg/dL), as a more stringent goal than typical lab ranges.

13. Target Optimal LDL Particle Number

Strive to keep your LDL particle number (LDL-P) below 1000 nmol/L, which is approximately the 20th percentile, to significantly reduce your risk of atherosclerotic disease, the most common cause of death.

14. Reduce Small LDLP Levels

Aim to keep your small LDLP below 500 nmol/L, targeting the 25th percentile for improved cardiovascular health.

15. Lower Oxidized LDL Target

Aim for oxidized LDL levels below 40, a more stringent criterion than the typical lab ‘reasonable’ level of 60, to further mitigate cardiovascular risk.

16. Maintain Low C-Reactive Protein

Strive to keep your C-reactive protein (CRP) below 1, which is a more aggressive target than most labs’ ‘reasonable’ level of 2, to indicate lower systemic inflammation.

17. Control Uric Acid Levels

Aim to keep your uric acid levels below 5.0, a stricter goal than typical lab ’normal’ ranges of 6 or 7, to potentially avoid other health consequences beyond gout.

18. Optimize Liver Enzyme Levels

Target ALT and AST levels below 20, which is considerably lower than the typical lab upper limits of 40-44, for optimal liver health.

19. Aim for Optimal Fasting Glucose

Strive to keep your fasting glucose below 90 mg/dL as a key indicator of good metabolic health.

20. Maintain Low Fasting Insulin

Target a fasting insulin level below 6 to indicate healthy insulin sensitivity.

21. Manage Post-Glucose Challenge Levels

Following a 75-gram glucola challenge, aim for 1-hour glucose below 120-130 mg/dL and insulin below 20-30, with 2-hour glucose returning below 100 mg/dL and insulin ideally below 20 or 2x the 1-hour glucose.

22. Optimize Thyroid Hormone Levels

Aim for TSH between 0.5 and 2.0, free T3 above 3.0, and reverse T3 below 12 for biochemically optimal thyroid function, even if symptoms suggest otherwise.

23. Target High EPA/DHA Index

Strive for an EPA/DHA index above 8.5%, and potentially up to 10-12% if no adverse effects like nosebleeds, to optimize fatty acid balance for neurodegenerative and atherosclerotic axes.

24. Monitor Desmosterol with Statins

If taking statins, monitor desmosterol levels and aim to keep them above 0.5 to avoid overly suppressing cholesterol synthesis, exercising caution at the individual level.

25. Avoid Ketosis for Fertility

If a woman is trying to get pregnant, exercise caution with nutritional ketosis, as calorie restriction and elevated ketones can suppress reproductive hormones (FSH and LH).

26. Rethink Ketosis During Pregnancy

The speaker is not convinced that deliberate ketosis is the optimal nutritional strategy for women during pregnancy, despite its ancestral prevalence.

27. Eliminate Junk Food & Refined Carbs

A foundational nutritional strategy is to eliminate junk food, sugar, and highly refined carbohydrates from your diet.

28. Choose College Major by Passion

If considering medicine, study something you genuinely love and are obsessed with mastering in college, rather than just pre-med, as medical school will cover the foundational science in depth.

29. Mentor Others to Combat Burnout

When feeling unhappy or overwhelmed in demanding situations like medical training, find someone who aspires to be in your position and help them, as this can rekindle your enthusiasm and perspective.

30. Maintain Work-Life Balance

During intense periods like medical school or residency, consciously allocate time (e.g., 15% of your non-sleep hours) to replenishing activities like exercise, pleasure reading, or socializing to prevent burnout.

31. Seek Patient Interaction in Training

Frequently interact with patients during medical school to remember the unique privilege and awe of the patient-doctor relationship, which can be a powerful motivator against the challenges of medicine.

32. Support Podcasts Directly

If you value a podcast and wish to avoid ads, consider supporting it through a listener support model, which allows content creators to remain independent.

33. Pay Attention to Unsponsored Products

Note products that are recommended without sponsorship, as these are likely genuine endorsements based on personal preference and use.

34. Strive for Higher Heart Rate Variability

Aim for a higher heart rate variability (HRV) as it indicates greater parasympathetic nervous system activity, reflecting a state of rest and recovery.

35. Avoid HRV-Lowering Habits

Be aware that overtraining, alcohol consumption, and poor food choices close to bedtime can significantly lower your HRV and increase your resting heart rate, negatively impacting recovery.

36. Personalize Recovery with HRV Data

Use daily HRV data from wearables (like the Aura Ring) to empirically adjust lifestyle factors such as alcohol intake, meal timing, and room temperature, to find your optimal recovery state.

37. Adjust Activity Based on Readiness Score

Utilize a wearable’s readiness score as an indicator of your body’s recovery, especially after intense cardio workouts, and adjust your training intensity or prioritize rest accordingly.

38. Consider Low-Dose Lithium

Taking low-dose lithium (10-20 mg, over-the-counter) may offer potential mood stabilization benefits with low risk, but its value is considered low-reward and should be discussed with a physician.

39. Do NOT Self-Prescribe High-Dose Lithium

Never take high-dose lithium (e.g., 600 mg/day) without extremely careful medical supervision, including constant blood level monitoring, due to significant risks of side effects and toxicity.

40. Consider Berberine for Glucose/LDL

Berberine, a plant extract, can act as a weak AMPK activator to decrease hepatic glucose output and may weakly inhibit PCSK9, potentially lowering LDL in some individuals; try it to see if LDL improves.

41. Re-evaluate Baby Aspirin for Low Risk

Based on recent studies, if you are in a low-risk population for heart disease, re-evaluate the necessity of taking a baby aspirin, as the benefits may not outweigh the small risks.

42. Walk on Flights, Not Aspirin

Instead of relying on baby aspirin to prevent blood clots on long flights, prioritize getting up and walking around as much as possible, as data does not support aspirin for this purpose.

43. Avoid Oral NAD Precursors (NR/NMN)

Be skeptical of oral nicotinamide riboside (NR) or nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplements, as current research suggests only the liver can effectively take them up and convert them to NAD, limiting systemic benefits.

44. Avoid NAD Infusions

Do not pursue NAD infusions, as cells cannot directly take up NAD; it must be synthesized intracellularly, rendering infusions ineffective for increasing cellular NAD.

45. Choose Reputable Supplement Brands

For general supplements, rely on reputable brands like Jarrow and Pure Encapsulations. For EPA/DHA, consider Carlson’s or Nordic Naturals to ensure quality.

46. Insight 46

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47. Insight 47

For more information on episodes, technical terms, referenced studies, and corrections, always refer to the show notes on peteratiyahmd.com.

48. Insight 48

To ask questions or vote on AMA topics for the podcast, visit peteratiyahmd.com and click on the ‘AMA’ section.