← The Peter Attia Drive

#228 ‒ Improving body composition, female-specific training principles, and overcoming an eating disorder | Holly Baxter, APD

Oct 24, 2022 2h 15m 23 insights
<p><a href="https://peterattiamd.com/hollybaxter/?utm_source=podcast-feed&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=221024-pod-hollybaxter&amp;utm_content=221024-pod-hollybaxter-podfeed"> View the Show Notes Page for This Episode</a></p> <p><a href="https://peterattiamd.com/subscribe/?utm_source=podcast-feed&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=221024-pod-hollybaxter&amp;utm_content=221024-pod-hollybaxter-podfeed"> Become a Member to Receive Exclusive Content</a></p> <p><a href="https://peterattiamd.com/newsletter/?utm_source=podcast-feed&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=221024-pod-hollybaxter&amp;utm_content=221024-pod-hollybaxter-podfeed"> Sign Up to Receive Peter's Weekly Newsletter</a></p> <p>Holly Baxter is an accredited practicing dietician (APD), competitive bodybuilder, fitness and nutrition educator, and coach. In this episode, Holly discusses her experience as an athlete and competitive bodybuilder. She also opens up about her struggles with mental health, her long battle with an eating disorder, and the important steps she's taken in her road to recovery. From there, she explains how she would design a nutrition and training program for a hypothetical female client wanting to improve her physique through the addition of lean muscle and loss of body fat. She explains reasonable expectations for gaining muscle and the value of a "reverse diet" for maintaining weight loss, and she shares her favorite exercises. She also talks through some female-specific training considerations such as programming, reps, volume, hormone replacement therapy, and more.</p> <p>We discuss:</p> <ul> <li>Holly's background and passion for sports and nutrition [2:00];</li> <li>Holly's struggle with depression and an eating disorder [4:30];</li> <li>Reflecting on her eating disorder, body image, and a wake up call [18:15];</li> <li>Road to recovery: therapy, meditation, self-compassion, and a breakthrough [27:45];</li> <li>The effect of competitive bodybuilding on women [39:00];</li> <li>Holly's competition prep and how she guides her clients wanting to improve their physique [46:45];</li> <li>Training principles for muscle hypertrophy [57:00];</li> <li>Training advice for an inexperienced person wanting to build muscle [1:01:30];</li> <li>Training program for a hypothetical woman wanting to add lean muscle and lose body fat [1:04:15];</li> <li>Lower body lifts: Holly's approach to leg workouts with clients [1:14:00];</li> <li>Upper body exercises: Holly's approach with her clients [1:24:45];</li> <li>Importance of nutrition and protein during the muscle building phase [1:34:00];</li> <li>Changes to nutrition and training during a fat loss phase [1:40:30];</li> <li>A "reverse diet" after a cutting phase to help prevent weight gain [1:49:45];</li> <li>Female-specific training considerations: programming, reps, volume, sex hormones, and more [1:53:15];</li> <li>Holly's future in bodybuilding and helping struggling women [2:05:45];</li> <li>Looking forward: Holly's focus on longevity, bone mineral density, and wellness [2:08:15]; and</li> <li>More.</li> </ul> <p>Connect With Peter on <a href="https://twitter.com/PeterAttiaMD">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://www.instagram.com/peterattiamd/">Instagram</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/peterattiamd/">Facebook</a> and <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8kGsMa0LygSX9nkBcBH1Sg">YouTube</a></p>
Actionable Insights

1. Prioritize Mental Health Support

Engage in consistent, regular therapy (e.g., weekly sessions) to address underlying psychological issues, past traumas, and dysfunctional beliefs, as this is foundational for overall well-being and recovery from conditions like eating disorders.

2. Cultivate Self-Compassion & Forgiveness

Treat yourself with the same kindness and understanding you would offer a client or best friend. Reduce self-judgment and negative self-talk to foster a healthier mindset and make progress in personal growth.

3. Recognize Addiction as Ongoing Recovery

Understand that recovery from psychological conditions or addictions is a continuous process, not a destination. Maintain awareness and commitment to new behaviors, as the desire to revert to old habits can persist.

4. Define Specific Physique Goals

Clearly identify what you want your physique to look like, using visual examples (e.g., social media figures) to help your coach understand your aspirations. This helps in setting realistic expectations and designing an appropriate program.

5. Find an Evidence-Based Coach

Seek a coach who is evidence-based, experienced in powerlifting and bodybuilding, and ideally has specific experience working with women. One-on-one training is highly valuable for learning optimal techniques and movement pathways.

6. Implement Progressive Overload Training

Start new resistance training programs with low volume (e.g., one working set per exercise) and gradually increase sets, reps, and intensity over time. This ensures adherence, minimizes injury risk, and facilitates muscle growth.

7. Master Basic Movement Patterns First

Begin with bodyweight exercises like squats to learn proper movement patterns before adding external load. This builds a strong foundation and confidence, especially for intimidating exercises like barbell squats.

8. Utilize RPE/RIR for Intensity

Use Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) or Repetitions in Reserve (RIR) to gauge and progressively increase training intensity. Aim for RPE 6-7 initially, progressing to RPE 8-9 (near failure) as you advance to optimize hypertrophy.

9. Optimize Protein Intake for Muscle

Maintain a consistent protein intake between 1.8 to 3 grams per kilogram of lean body mass daily. This is crucial for muscle building and retention, and consistency prevents negative impacts on energy balance.

10. Strategically Manage Calorie Intake

During muscle building, aim for a 10-20% calorie surplus above maintenance, adjusting based on comfort with body fat gain. During fat loss, target a weekly weight loss of no more than 1.5% of body weight to preserve muscle mass and metabolic health.

11. Implement a Reverse Diet Post-Fat Loss

After a fat loss phase, slowly and incrementally reintroduce calories week by week to find your new maintenance and restore metabolism. This helps prevent hyperphagia and promotes sustainable results.

12. Allow Adequate Rest Between Sets

Take sufficient rest between working sets (e.g., until heart rate is below 100 bpm) to ensure full recovery. Rushing sets can lead to fatigue, reduced performance, and hinder progress.

13. Prioritize Compound Multi-Joint Lifts

Incorporate compound exercises like squats and deadlifts early in your workouts, as the first 6-8 working sets tend to yield the best returns. These movements efficiently target multiple large muscle groups.

14. Address Muscle Imbalances with Single-Leg Work

Include at least one single-leg exercise per session (e.g., single-leg RDLs) to correct discrepancies and improve stability. Begin with opposing arm/leg for greater stability, progressing to same arm/leg as you advance.

15. Focus on Seated Hamstring Curls

Prioritize seated hamstring curls over prone variations for better isolation and tension on the hamstrings due to the starting position. This helps in optimizing hamstring hypertrophy.

16. Incorporate Pull-ups Consistently

Program pull-ups into your routine consistently, even starting with assisted bands, and progressively decrease resistance or add weight. This builds significant upper body strength and can lead to impressive gains over time.

17. Consider Female-Specific Training Adjustments

Acknowledge that women may tolerate higher rep ranges (8-15 reps) better due to muscle fiber type differences and may benefit from deloads scheduled around their menstrual cycle to account for hormonal fluctuations impacting performance, mood, and energy.

18. Learn to Weigh Food & Eyeball Portions

Dedicate time to weighing your food and learning what specific portion sizes look like. This lifelong skill improves dietary precision, calorie awareness, and adherence to nutrition goals.

19. Unfollow Aesthetic-Focused Social Media

Curate your social media feed by unfollowing accounts that solely focus on extreme aesthetics or promote unrealistic body ideals. This helps protect mental health and reduces negative self-comparison.

20. Prioritize Functional Fitness & Longevity

Shift your focus from extreme leanness and aesthetic ideals to long-term health, functional fitness, and maintaining bone density. Resistance training is crucial for preventing age-related conditions like osteoporosis.

21. Adapt Expectations for Life Circumstances

Be realistic about what can be achieved with physique goals, especially for individuals with significant time constraints like mothers. Adjust programs and expectations to align with available time and resources.

22. Update Wardrobe for Body Acceptance

If your current clothes cause distress or negative thoughts about your body, consider getting a new wardrobe that fits and flatters your current physique. This can instantly improve mental health and reduce constant body-related anxiety.

23. Explore Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

For menopausal women experiencing low energy, motivation, or difficulty with body composition changes, consult with experts about HRT. Optimizing hormone levels can significantly improve quality of life and support adherence to active lifestyles.