← The Peter Attia Drive

#151 - Alex Hutchinson, Ph.D.: Translating the science of endurance and extreme human performance

Mar 1, 2021 2h 13m 28 insights
<div> <p><span> Alex Hutchinson is a sports science journalist, author of the book Endure—which explores the science of endurance and the real limits of human performance—and former competitive runner for the Canadian national team. In this episode, Alex tells the story of his "aha moment" during a meaningless track meet that catapulted his running career and seeded his interest in the power of the mind. He then explains the science behind VO2 max, the difference between maximum aerobic capacity and efficiency, and extracts insights from examples of extreme human performance, such as the recent attempts to break the 2-hour mark in the marathon. Finally, he brings it back to what this all means for the everyday person: optimal exercise volume for maintaining health, how to avoid acute and chronic injuries, how to diversify your exercise portfolio, HIIT protocols, and much more.</span></p> </div> <div> <div> <p> </p> </div> <p>We discuss:</p> <div> <ul type="disc"> <li>Alex's background and passion for running (3:00);</li> <li>The power of the mind: Alex's "aha moment" that catapulted his running career (9:00);</li> <li>Pursuing a Ph.D. in physics while prioritizing his running career, and doing the hardest thing possible (19:00);</li> <li>Career transition to journalism, tips for improving your writing, and insights from the best writers (26:00);</li> <li>Breaking down VO2 max: Definition, history, why it plateaus, and whether it really matters (38:15);</li> <li>The case study of Oskar Svensson: Why a higher VO2 Max isn't always better, and the difference between maximum aerobic capacity and efficiency (49:15);</li> <li>The sub 2-hour marathon: The amazing feat by Kipchoge, and what will it take to "officially" run a 2-hour marathon (1:01:00);</li> <li>Comparing the greatest mile runners from the 1950s to today (1:14:45);</li> <li>How the brain influences the limits of endurance (1:20:15);</li> <li>Relationship between exercise volume and health: Minimum dose, optimal dose, and whether too much exercise can shorten lifespan (1:23:45);</li> <li>Age-associated decline in aerobic capacity and muscle mass, and the quick decline with extreme inactivity (1:40:45);</li> <li>Strength or muscle mass—which is more important? (1:47:00);</li> <li>Avoiding acute and chronic injuries from exercise (1:48:45);</li> <li>High intensity interval training: Evolution of the Tabata protocol, pros and cons of HIIT training, and how it fits into a healthy exercise program (1:54:15);</li> <li>The importance of understanding why you are engaging in exercise (2:03:00);</li> <li>How we can encourage better science journalism and reduce the number of sensationalized headlines (2:05:45); and</li> <li>More.</li> </ul> <p>Learn more: <a href="https://peterattiamd.com/">https://peterattiamd.com/</a><br /> <br /> Show notes page for this episode: <a href="https://peterattiamd.com/AlexHutchinson">https://peterattiamd.com/AlexHutchinson</a> <br /> <br /> Subscribe to receive exclusive subscriber-only content: <a href="https://peterattiamd.com/subscribe/">https://peterattiamd.com/subscribe/</a><br /> <br /> Sign up to receive Peter's email newsletter: <a href="https://peterattiamd.com/newsletter/">https://peterattiamd.com/newsletter/</a><br /> <br /> Connect with Peter on <a href="http://Facebook.com/PeterAttiaMD"><u>Faceboo</u></a><u>k</u> | <a href="http://Twitter.com/PeterAttiaMD"><u>Twitter</u></a> | <a href="http://Instagram.com/PeterAttiaMD"><u>Instagram</u></a>.</p> </div> </div>
Actionable Insights

1. Connect Exercise to Real Goals

Make exercise more meaningful and sustainable by tethering your workouts to tangible, personal long-term goals, such as maintaining functional independence or enjoying activities with family as you age.

2. Reframe Exercise Discomfort

Understand that feelings of discomfort during exercise are not signs of imminent danger or physical limits, but rather information from your brain protecting you, allowing you to push further if desired.

3. Prioritize Strength for Longevity

If optimizing an exercise program for longevity, prioritize strength training to maintain muscle mass and functional strength, which is crucial for activities of daily living as you age.

4. Adopt Varied Exercise Portfolio

Combine different types of exercise, such as short sprint intervals, medium intervals, and sustained moderate sessions, to target various physiological mechanisms and achieve comprehensive health and performance benefits.

5. Avoid Punctuated Decline

Be diligent in avoiding prolonged periods of inactivity, such as bed rest or extended recovery from injuries, as these can lead to rapid and significant losses in muscle mass and aerobic capacity that are hard to regain.

6. Minimize Bed Rest Inactivity

During periods of bed rest or hospitalization, engage in even minimal movement, such as walking down a hallway, as it is infinitely better than complete inactivity for preserving muscle mass and fitness.

7. Prioritize Functional Strength

For longevity, prioritize functional strength (the ability to use your muscles effectively) over simply having a lot of muscle mass, as it is a better predictor of health outcomes.

8. Avoid ‘Too Much Too Soon’

To prevent overuse injuries, especially when starting or ramping up an exercise program, prioritize patience and avoid increasing volume or intensity too quickly, as metabolic fitness improves faster than structural adaptations.

9. Monitor Training Load Ratio

Keep track of your weekly training load (e.g., miles, minutes, joules) compared to your average over the last four weeks; if your current load is 20% higher, proceed with caution or consider backing off to prevent injury.

10. Integrate Interval Training

Incorporate some form of interval training into your routine for both health and performance, as it is crucial for developing speed and can offer different health benefits than sustained training.

11. Balance VO2 Max & Efficiency

Be aware that optimizing training solely for very high VO2 max levels might come at the cost of metabolic efficiency; consider a balanced training approach (e.g., including zone two work) for overall performance.

12. 80/20 Endurance Training Rule

For endurance athletes, approximately 80% of your training volume should be at an easy, conversational pace to build aerobic base and efficiency.

13. Start with Minimum Exercise Dose

For most health benefits, a very modest amount of exercise, potentially as little as five to ten minutes a day, can be effective, though more varied and intense training may offer additional benefits.

14. Cultivate Love for Exercise

Strive to cultivate a genuine enjoyment for exercise, as this intrinsic motivation is more effective for long-term adherence and achieving health goals than relying on short-term, high-intensity interventions.

15. Leverage Belief for Performance

A belief, even if based on false information (like incorrect splits), can lead to a significant performance breakthrough by overcoming self-imposed mental barriers and boosting confidence.

16. Sustain Performance with Confidence

Sustained high performance after a breakthrough can be achieved by riding the high of newfound confidence and believing in one’s capabilities, allowing one to perform above baseline fitness.

17. Pursue Hardest Option First

If unsure of your career path, choose the hardest possible field of study (e.g., physics) because it allows for more flexibility to transition to easier fields (e.g., journalism) later, but not vice-versa.

18. Transition to Passion-Driven Career

Consider a career change when you realize your current field isn’t your true passion, especially if you enjoy aspects like writing and can find a path (e.g., journalism) that allows you to pursue diverse interests professionally.

19. Cultivate Athletic Autonomy

Taking responsibility for your own training and success, rather than relying on external coaching, fosters lifelong habits and a love of sport and activity.

20. Master Writing Forms & Practice

To improve writing, learn the underlying forms and structures of different article types (e.g., news, features) to understand reader expectations, and then practice extensively by writing frequently and on deadline.

21. Read Critically to Improve Writing

Analyze writing you admire by breaking down what makes it effective (e.g., introduction, clarity) to understand techniques and improve your own writing.

22. Embrace Your Writing Strengths

Instead of trying to emulate styles that don’t come naturally, focus on excelling in your inherent writing strengths, such as clarity or explanation, rather than aiming for poetic language if it’s not your forte.

23. Integrate Social Exercise

Use exercise as a primary social outlet to meet friends, catch up, and relieve stress, enhancing overall well-being beyond physical benefits.

24. Avoid Marathon Training for Longevity

Training for a marathon is not the optimal exercise strategy for maximizing health span or lifespan due to opportunity costs and potential downsides compared to a more balanced approach.

25. Boost VO2 Max with Intervals

To increase VO2 max, incorporate four to six-minute all-out intervals and consider losing a couple of kilograms, though this can be very demanding.

26. Support Quality Journalism

To encourage better science journalism and move away from sensationalism, support subscription-based news models that prioritize in-depth, quality content over clickbait.

27. Access In-Depth Content

To take your knowledge of the space to the next level, consider joining the membership program for more in-depth, exclusive content.

28. Prioritize Your Passion

Alex Hutchinson prioritized running as the most important thing in his life until age 28, even rescheduling his brother’s wedding for a track meet, demonstrating a deep commitment to a passion.